Cells
Macromolecules
Enzymes
Cell Membrane
Transport
100
What is the function of the mitochondria and what does it produce?
Provides energy
ATP
100
Glycerol is needed to build?
Lipids
100
Can enzymes be reused?
Yes, they are reusable unless they become denatured
100
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Regulates what enters and exits the cell
Maintains homeostasis
Provides protection and supports
100
Explain the difference between the two different types of transport?
Passive requires no energy and Active requires energy
200
What's the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic=no nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic=nucleus and membrane bound organelles
200
What elements make up carbs?
CHO
200
What macromolecule is enzymes? How do you know if something is an enzyme?
Protein; ends in -ase or -in
200
What is the cell membrane made composed of?
Phospholipids
200
What are the different types of passive transport? Explain them
Diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration
Osmosis is the movement of water from high to low concentration
Facilitated Diffusion is the movement of large molecules from high to low concentration
300
What organelles are in plant cells but not in animal cells?
Cell wall, chloroplast, large central vacuole
300
What macromolecules is found in the nucleus and ribosomes of the cell?
Proteins
300
How do lysosomes and enzymes relate with each other?
Lysosomes break down waste and cell debris using enzymes
300
The phospholipid bilayer is composed of a head and tail section:
Head =
Tail =
Head = Hydrophilic
Tail = Hydrophobic
300
What is happening?
Endocytosis is the movement of large particles into the cell
400
What is the difference between the Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
(HINT: Texture)
Rough ER have ribosomes on them which make them rough
Smooth ER is made of lipids which make its smooth and slippery
400
What are the two nucleic acids?
(FULL NAME)
DNA=Deoxyribonucleic Acid
RNA=Ribonucleic Acid
400
Explain these pictures regarding enzymes
This picture shows activation energy. Without the enzyme it will be very hard to start a chemical reaction. With an enzyme it is very easy to start a chemical reaction
400
What are the two types of proteins that are within or on the phospholipid bilayer?
Integral and Peripheral Proteins
400
What is happening?
Exocytosis is the movement of large particles out of the cell
500
What are the three parts of the cell theory?
- All living things are made of cells
- Cells are the smallest unit of living things
- All cells come from other cells
500
Name each monomer for the polymer(macromolecule)
Carbs=monosaccharide
Lipids=fatty acids/glycerol
Proteins=amino acids
Nucleic Acids=nucleotides
500
What are the four things that can affect enzyme function?
Temp., pH, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration
500
Why is the cell membrane known as the "Fluid Mosaic Model"?
It describes the arrangement of the cell membrane. Fluid= flexible, not rigid
Mosaic= Variety of textures
500
Explain what happens in the three different types of tonicity? And what tonicity do animal cells and plant cells prefer?
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Hypertonic- water is leaving the cell to dissolve the solute outside the cell. Cell shrivels
Hypotonic- water is entering the cell to dissolve the solute inside the cell. Cell swells
Isotonic- stays the same in and out of the cell
Plant= Hypotonic
Animal= Isotonic