Characteristics of Matter
How do you know that Nitrogen (N) is an element?
1) On the periodic table
2) Made up of one type of atom
Which subatomic particles are a part of the nucleus?
Protons, neutrons, electrons, or electron orbitals?
Protons and neutrons
How many VE does Aluminum (Al) have?
3VE (This is written at the top of your periodic tables!)
How many protons does hydrogen (H) have?
1 proton
How do you check glassware before using it?
Check to see if there are cracks in the glass
How do you know that MgSO4 is a compound?
MgSO4 is made up of more than 1 type of element, which is what a compound is
What charge does a neutron have?
Neutral or NO CHARGE
Give an example of a Noble Gas. (Use the key on your periodic table- the colors are helpful!!)
Any element in Group 18.
How many electrons does neutral oxygen (O) have?
8 electrons
(The number of e- = the number of p+ in a neutral atom)
What are the 2 types of ions?
*For an extra 100 points, what are cations and anions? You need these both correct for full points.
Cations and anions (Cations are positively charged ions, anions are negative charged ions)
What type of matter is salt water? Element, compound, or mixture?
Mixture because it's made with multiple substances that aren't chemically combined (salt water can be boiled to evaporate water and get salt back; think back to the separate lab!)
How do you determine the number of neutrons in an atom?
(Atomic weight) - (# of protons) OR
(Atomic weight) - (atomic number)
Give an example of a transition metal. (Use the key on your periodic table- the colors are helpful!!)
Any element in groups 3-12
Determine the number of neutrons Beryllium (Be) has
5 neutrons
(Atomic weight) - (atomic number) = # n0
(9) - (4) = 5
Electron configuration practice: Choose the correct electron configuration for lithium
A) 1s3 B) 2s2 1s1
C) 1s1 2s2 D) 1s2 2s1
D) 1s2 2s1
Remember 3 rules:
1) Total superscript needs to match the #e-
2) Needs to follow the order of 1s2 2s2 2p6...
3) Needs to max out each orbital before writing the next (s=2e- max, p=6e- max)
A characteristic that you can observe (see) or measure
Which subatomic particle is responsible for the reactivity and bonding of atoms?
Neutrons, electrons, protons, valence electrons
Valence electrons - they are the outermost electrons that can be removed or given to an atom
Put the elements in order from smallest to largest atomic radius
O, Te, Se, S
O, S, Se, Te
List the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons fluorine has
p+ = 9
n0 = 10
e- = 9
How do you know if something is an alkali metal on your periodic table?
We labeled our periodic table with different colors & there is (should be) a key written at the bottom of your periodic table!
Alkali metals = orange
What is a chemical property?
A characteristic of a substance that can only be observed by changing the chemical composition of that substance (ex. how reactive something is)
If opposite charges attract, why don't protons and electrons collapse into a ball?
Electrons can only be found in specific spaces or "orbitals". They all have a certain amount of energy needed to "jump" to different energy levels. Electrons have a lot of energy
Which element would need the most energy to remove an electron?
Si, P, S, Cl, or Ar?
Ar (Ar has the highest ionization energy; this trend was written on your periodic tables)
What does it mean when an atom has a charge? (Many answers!)
1) An atom becomes an ion (is positive or negative)
2) An electron was added or removed
3) The number of e- and p+ are unequal
What does ionization energy mean?
It means how much energy it takes to remove an electron from an atom. If an atom has a higher ionization energy, then it needs more energy to take away an electron