Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Which type of cell lacks a nucleus?
What is Prokaryotic Cell
What does “diffusion” move and in which direction?
What is Molecules from high to low concentration.
What is Homeostasis?
What is maintaining internal stability no matter the instability from external environment.
What are the four main types of macromolecules found in living organisms?
What is lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids
Are viruses considered living?
What is no, because they cannot reproduce without a host cell.
Which organelle is found in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes?
What is nucleus?
Which type of transport requires energy?
What is Active Transport
What do the following words mean and what happens to the cell in each situation.
Hypertonic- there is more solute on the outside of the cell than inside of the cell causing it to shrink and shrivel
Hypotonic there is more solute inside of the cell causing it to swell.
Isotonic there is equal concentration both inside the cell and outside of the cell meaning the cell is in equilibrium.
Which macromolecule is the main source of quick energy for cells?
What is carbohydrates?
What is the protein coat surrounding viral genetic material called?
What is capsid
Compare the DNA in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
What is Prokaryotes have circular DNA in cytoplasm and Eukaryotes have linear DNA in the nucleus.
What is the role of the cell membrane in transport?
What is regulating what enters and exits the cell, maintaining homeostasis.
What happens when a cell fails to maintain homeostasis?
What is the cell may malfunction or die.
Proteins are made of smaller building blocks called ______________. How does the sequence of these building blocks affect the protein?
Amino acids; the sequence determines the protein’s shape and function
Compare viral reproduction to cellular reproduction.
What is viruses hijack host cells, while cells reproduce independently.
Why are eukaryotic cells considered more complex than prokaryotic cells?
What is Eukaryotes contain specialized organelles that allow each cell to have a specific job/function that build up on each other.
Compare and contrast facilitated diffusion and active transport.
What is both use proteins, facilitated diffusion moves substances down the gradient (no energy). While active transport moves against gradient (requires energy).
Use the following information to determine which organelle is causing a disruption to Homeostasis and then what the solution to restore to Homeostasis would be.
Evidence: Digestive enzymes leak into the cytoplasm, destroying healthy structures.
Clue: The recycling centers have ruptured.
What is the lysosome, create new lysosomes and ensure proper instructions are embedded.
Compare the structure and function of lipids and carbohydrates. How are they similar and how are they different?
What is both contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; both store energy. Carbohydrates provide short-term/quick energy, while lipids store long-term energy and form membranes.
What is the main difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles?
What is Lytic: virus replicates immediately, destroying the host; Lysogenic: viral DNA integrates and can stay dormant.
What are three key pieces of evidence that support the Endosymbiosis theory to be true?
What is DNA & Chloroplasts have their own DNA, Reproduce through binary fission like bacteria, and have a double membrane.
Explain how a cell would respond if placed in a hypertonic solution.
Water leaves the cell, causing it to shrink.
Use the following information to determine which organelle is causing a disruption to Homeostasis and then what the solution to restore to Homeostasis would be.
Evidence: Sodium builds up inside the cell; potassium levels drop too low.
Clue: A protein pump usually fixes this balance.
Sodium-potassium pump in the plasma membrane. The pump uses ATP to actively move Na⁺ out and K⁺ in, restoring ion gradients.
What biolomulecules go with each function listed below
Functions:
Used by the immune system for self-identification
Helps transport substances
Provides structural support
Helps with protein synthesis and genetic and cellular instruction
1) carbohydrates
2)proteins
3) lipids
4) nucleic acids
Why is HIV more difficult for the immune system to fight compared to influenza?
What is HIV attacks immune cells (helper T cells), weakening immune defense, while influenza mainly infects respiratory cells.