People
Seventeenth century philosopher who believed in "dualism", that the mind/soul are separate from the body. He described animal spirits or fluids in the body that contribute to reflexes.
Rene Descartes
This approach focuses on observable behaviors that are learned and can be measured.
Behavioral Perspective
This field of psychology focuses on the treatment of individuals experiencing stress from everyday events like divorce or job loss.
Counseling
This is ability to apply research findings to the entire population under study. This can only happen if your sample is representative or your experiment is unbiased.
Generalizability
This is the variable in an experiment that is being tested and can be manipulated by the experimenter.
Independant Variable
Considered the founder of psychology for creating the first psychology lab at his college in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879.
Wilhelm Wundt
Emphasizes the human potential towards growth and self-actualization.
Humanistic Perspective
This is a medical doctor who specializes on the diagnosis and treatment of individuals with mental illness. This doctor can prescribe medicinal drugs for patients.
Psychiatrist
This research is an intensive investigation of the behavior and mental processes associated with one person, one family, or situation.
Case Study
The group in an experiment that is receiving normal treatment.
Control Group
Started the first course in psychology in America at Harvard. He wrote the first psychology textbook, The Principles of Psychology. He founded the early perspective called functionalism.
William James
Focuses on the mental processes of memory, thinking, and language that help people make decisions and solve problems.
Cognitive Perspective
These psychologists assess and counsel students, consult with educators and parents, and perform behavioral intervention when needed.
Educational Psychologists
This is a testable prediction about how two or more factors are likely to be related.
Hypothesis
a sample that is approximately the same as the population from which it is taken from.
Representative Sample
Considered the "father" of the Behavioral perspective. He rejected Freud's ideas about the unconscious mind and classically conditioned an 11-month old baby to fear furry objects.
John Watson
This was once called Psychoanalysis and emphasizes the idea that humans' unconscious minds and repressed memories influence their behavior.
Psychodynamic Perspective
This field helps athletes increase motivation, focus on their game, and deal with anxiety and fear of failure.
Sports Psychology
In this research the scientist observes and describes behaviors without disturbing the subject's natural habitat.
Naturalistic Observation
Data that can be measured in numbers
Quantitative Data
Developed the perspective called psychoanalysis, now psychodynamics, which focuses on revealing the hidden desires of the unconscious mind and repressed memories.
Sigmund Freud
Focuses on how the brain and the body interact with one another to influence behavior and mental processes,
Biological or Neuroscience Perspective
This field focuses on the biological, psychological, and social factors involved in health and illness.
Health Psychology
Sampling procedure used for selecting random subjects to participate in a survey. It usually is done by a random number generator.
Random Selection
These are variables that if researcher fails to control, or eliminate that can damage the results of a study.
Extraneous Variables