Introduction to Ecosystems
Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes
Biogeochemical Cycles
Primary Productivity, Trophic Levels, and Energy Flow
Food Chains and Food Webs
100
Name 3 biotic and 3 abiotic components of ecosystems
Living (biotic) things, such as…
Producers (plants, photosynthetic algae, phytoplankton, etc.)
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores
Detritivores
Soil
Non-living (abiotic) factors, such as…
Sunlight
Temperature
Precipitation
Moisture/water
pH
Soil
100
Name the biome
Tundra
100
Which of the following best identifies a key component of the hydrologic cycle that powers the movement of water and is missing from the diagram?
Sun!
100
What two abiotic factors most influence Primarily Productivity
Precipitation Sunlight (Temperature, ok)
100
Name one primary producer in an aquatic food chain?
Phytoplankton, Algae, submerged vegetation, emergent vegetation
200
What term is used to describe the situation when individuals from different species OR within the same species struggle to obtain the same limiting resource. (one word)
Competition
200
What Tropical Terrestrial Biome is typically defined by consistent warm temperatures, with very dry seasons and short, but substantial rainy seasons?
Tropical Seasonal Forest
Savanna
200
Which of the following processes is illustrated by the downward arrows from the atmosphere that show the conversion of nitrogen gas into usable forms available to producers?
Nitrogen Fixation
200
Which of the terrestrial biomes typically has the highest net primary productivity?
Tropical Rainforests
200
Which of the trophic levels were impacted by the removal of wolves from Yellowstone?
All of them
300
What type of symbiotic relationship would best describe the relationship between flowering plants and pollinators?
Mutualistic
300
Name the Biome.
Boreal Forest / Taiga
300
FixNAAD / ANPAN is an acronym to remember the steps and products of the Nitrogen cycle. What are those steps and products, in order?
Fixation, Nitrification, Assimilation, Ammonification/Mineralization, Denitrification
Ammonia(um), Nitrates/nitrites, Proteins/AA, Ammonia(um), Nitrogen (gas)
300
What term is defined as:
The total rate of photosynthesis in a given area.
Gross Primary Productivity
300
Which of the following best describes what is represented by the arrows in the food web?
Flow of energy
400
What phenomenon is represented in the diagram below, and what function does this adaptation serve?
Resource partitioning; reduces or eliminates competition
400
Where in a lake are Lake Littoral Zones located, are they in the photic or aphotic zone, and are they Freshwater or Marine?
Shallow perimeter of Lakes, photic, Freshwater
400
Identify two reservoirs in FAST Carbon Cycling.
Atmosphere
Soils
Plant Biomass
Surface Ocean
400
What term is defined as:
The energy available to consumers, determined by subtracting the energy used by plants for respiration from the total energy transformed by the process of photosynthesis.
Net Primary Productivity (NPP)
400
Describe the 10% Rule. Where does the other 90% go?
varied
500
Identify the resource(s) gained for each species in the scenario. Is the resource biotic or abiotic?
Oxpeckers are birds that are commonly found on the sub-Saharan African savanna. They can often be seen sitting on buffalo, giraffes, impalas, and other large mammals. Oxpeckers eat ticks, flies, fleas, and other insects. While sitting on large mammals, oxpeckers will give a loud warning call when predators are near.
Oxpeckers = food (insects)
Large Mammals = biotic (security/vigilance/protections)
500
The Eastern United States is primarily an example of which Terrestrial Biome?
Temperate Seasonal Forest
500
Which box represents a carbon sink that holds carbon compounds for the shortest period of time?
A
500
What percent of solar energy striking producers is converted into chemical energy via photosynthesis?
1%
500
A temperate grassland biome has a gross primary productivity of 3,480 kcal/m2/year and a net primary productivity of 2,000 kcal/m2/year. What is the approximate number of kcal/m2/year available to herbivores in that biome?
200 kcal/m2/year