Research & Stats
refers to situations where the sample does not reflect the characteristics of the target population.
Sampling Bias
a decrease in the heart rate is due to activation of this division of the nervous system
a condition in which a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness, arising from a traumatic event or persistent failure to succeed.
Learned helplessness
When a conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus, a resulting decrease in in the conditioned response
Extinction
Schedule that involves reinforcement after a certain number of responses have been emitted.
Fixed Ratio Schedule
a subset of individuals randomly selected by researchers to represent an entire group as a whole.
Random Sample
The autonomic nervous system is made up of these two subdivisions
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
knowledge that only becomes clear when a person has an incentive to display it.
Latent Learning
The Unconditioned Stimulus (US) should be presented after the Conditioned Stimulus (CS) within this amount of time
one-half second
The highest and most consistent rate of response is produced by this type of schedule
Variable ratio schedule
the use of chance procedures in psychology experiments to ensure that each participant has the same opportunity to be assigned to any given group.
Random Assignment
This part of the neuron helps to facilitate the transmission of the electrical message and can result in Multiple Sclerosis when attacked by the immune system
Myelin Sheath
emphasizes the importance of observing, modelling, and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others
Social Learning Theory
the ability to respond differently to different stimuli
Discrimination learning
This involves the removal of something negative to strengthen a behavior
Negative reinforcement
a measure of how far each observed value is from the mean.
Standard Deviation
An electric charge is created in the neuron, the charge travels down the cell, and chemicals are released that cross the synapse to the next cell.
Neural Transmission
This researcher's work evidenced that children who witnessed aggressive behavior on the part of adults would be likely to imitate aggressive behavior later on (modeling).
Albert Bandura
the reappearance of the conditioned response after a rest period or period of lessened response.
Spontaneous recovery
This involves taking something good or desirable away to reduce the occurrence of a particular behavior.
Negative punishment
relationship between two variables in which one variable increases as the other decreases
Negative Correlation
Part of the brain that helps to facilitate communication between the central nervous system and the endocrine system
Hypothalamus
The theorist who conducted pioneering research on latent learning and cognitive map
Edward Tolman
major difference in the arrangement of stimulus and responses between Classical and Operant Conditioning
Classical conditioning pairs stimuli
Operant conditioning pairs a response with a stimulus.
This is when the reinforcement is provided after a random (unpredictable) amount of time has passes and following a specific behavior being performed
Variable ratio schedule