Chapter 4
What is considered the smallest functional and structural unit of life?
A cell
Which type of junction forms an impermeable barrier?
Tight
How do enzymes catalyze reactions?
Lowering the energy of activation
What is the sum of chemical reactions in a cell?
metabolism
In grammatical terms, what is a "tittle?"
The dot over lowercase i's and j's
Explain the base difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, then define where DNA is housed in both
Nucleus, nucleoid region
Define diffusion and osmosis
diffusion: net movement of molecules down a concentration gradient
osmosis: diffusion of water down a concentration gradient across a semi-permeable membrane
What are redox reactions and which organelles are involved in a redox cycle
OIL RIG, mitochondria and chloroplasts
Define reactant, substrate, and products
reactant: involved in a reaction
substrate: reactant with an enzyme
product: end result of a reaction
What is the fear of long words?
Hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia
Mitochondria: cristae and matrix
Chloroplasts: thylakoids and stroma
Explain the three elements of the fluid mosaic model.
Phospholipids: hydrophobic/philic orientation
proteins: function varies
cholesterol: fluidity
What is denaturation and how can it happen?
loss of enzyme shape, pH or hot temp
Explain receptor-mediated endocytosis
particles bind to specific proteins on the plasma membrane in a coated pit and are brought into the cell
Which animal is the only one to have fingerprints so similar to humans that they could be mistaken for one another?
Koala
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts were engulfed by larger eukaryotic cells
Explain every tonicity and explain what happens to an animal cell and plant cell in each
Hypotonic: Water into cell; Lyse/turgor pressure
Hypertonic: Water out of cell; crenation/plasmolysis
Isotonic: no net movement; flaccid plant cell
Explain the two types of enzyme inhibition
competitive: substrate and inhibitor compete for active site
noncompetitive: inhibitor binds to allosteric site and changes the shape of active site
What are the four things common to ALL cells?
plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, DNA
A cowboy rode into town on Friday. He stayed for three nights and rode out on Friday. How is this possible?
His horse is named Friday
Explain the endomembrane system. Include what is created in every organelle
Nucleus: DNA, mRNA, rRNA
ER: proteins and lipids
Golgi: vesicles and lysosomes
List and define every protein in or on the plasma membrane
Carrier, channel, glycoproteins, enzymes, receptor, junction
Fully explain the induced fit model. include enzyme, active site, substrate and cofactor/coenzyme
slight change of shape when the substrate binds to the enzyme, activated by the cofactor to initiate the reaction
Explain the redox reactions that take place in the mitochondria and chloroplasts and define the reactants and products of each
cellular respiration: glucose+O2 > CO2+H2O
photosynthesis: CO2+H2O > glucose+O2
how many Pokemon would you have to catch to truly "catch 'em all," and which is the ONLY Pokemon sporting a fire/water dual typing?
1025, Volcanion