Waves & Rhythms
Our biological clock, regular bodily rhythms that occur in a 24-hr period
What is the circadian rhythm
A recurring sleep stage during which dreams commonly occur
What is REM sleep?
Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
what is insomnia
Dreams exist to satisfy our own unconscious wishes-- wish fulfillment
What is the Freudian theory of dreams?
The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug
What is tolerance?
The transparent outer layer of the eye that covers the pupil and iris and helps focus incoming light.
What is the cornea
Associated with deep sleep in NREM-3 (and apparently with brain activity during AP psych class)
What are delta waves
The stage during which you may experience hypnagogic sensations
What is NREM-1?
Often experienced in AP psych class, sudden attacks of overwhelming sleepiness
What is narcolepsy
The " bottom-up" theory that dreams are the brain's attempt to synthesize random neural activity
what is the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming
drugs (like alcohol, barbiturates and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
What are depressants?
The innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs, involved in balance and hearing.
What is the inner ear
A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm
What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)?
Also known as paradoxical sleep because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active.
What is REM sleep
Associated with fatigue and depression, as a result of slow-wave sleep deprivation, and characterized by intermittent cessation of breathing
what is sleep apnea
What Freud says we remember about a dream
What is the dream's manifest content?
This drug affects our brain so that is may eventually stop producing endorphins
What are opiates?
The sense of taste.
What is gustation
Brain wave you should be using when taking your AP unit test
What are gamma waves
Deep sleep stage during which your brain emits large, slow delta waves
What is NREM-3 stage sleep?
Decreasing ability to focus, increasing risk of high blood pressure, greater risk for obesity
What are the effects of sleep deprivation?
What unconscious needs Freud says manifest content is censoring
What is the latent content of the dream?
Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up bodily functions
what are stimulants
The principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste.
What is sensory interaction
The brain waves you should be using while studying for your AP unit test or having a conversation with friends
What are beta waves?
A sleep stage characterized by sleep spindles and K-complexes
What is NREM-2 sleep?
Little children beware of this NREM-3 possibility
What are night terrors?
The theory that dreams help us to sort out the day's events and to consolidate memories
What is the information-processing theory of dreaming
The most prevalent and quickest acting stimulant
What is nicotine?
Twins who develop from separate eggs and are no more similar genetically than non-twin siblings.
What is fraternal (dizygotic) twins
Brain waves when you are getting drowsy, ready to fall asleep
What are theta waves?
Mental events outside of current conscious awareness that can voluntarily be brought into consciousness
What is a preconscious state?
Another word for somnambulism
What is sleepwalking?
The "top-down" theory that dreams aid brain maturation and cognition
What is the cognitive development theory of dreams?
Drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
what are hallucinogens
The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein.
What is genome
Brain waves when you are relaxed, getting ready for sleep
What are alpha waves?
Mental processing that occurs outside conscious awareness
What is a nonconscious state?
The tendency for REM sleep to increase following a period of sleep deprivation
What is REM rebound?
The theory that dreams provide the sleeping brain with periodic stimulation, preserving and expanding neural pathways
What is the physiological function theory of dreams?
Both a depressant and an hallucinogen
what is marijuana
Structures in the inner ear involved in maintaining balance and detecting head movements.
What are semicircular canals
The height of a wave, which determines the loudness of a sound.
What is amplitude
The theory that sleep helps strengthen the neural connections that form our memories.
What is Consolidation Theory
The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.
What is REM Rebound
A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind.
What is a dream
A class of drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.
What are barbiturates
A drug or chemical that enhances the activity of neurotransmitters.
What is an agonist