Twist and Shout: The Double Helix
What is the shape of DNA known as?
Double-helix
What happens to the two strands of DNA at the very beginning of replication?
An enzyme (helicase) unzips the two strands
What is the first step in protein synthesis, and where does it take place?
Transcription, Nucleus
What is the end goal of the cell cycle?
Cell division
To produce 2 identical daughter cells for growth and repair.
Which part of the DNA molecule forms the "backbone" of the double helix?
The phosphate and sugar
What is the end result of DNA Replication?
Two identical DNA molecules
Messenger
What stage of the cell cycle does the cell spend most of its time in?
What are the 4 first letters of the stages of mitosis? (The acronym)
PMAT
What are the 3 parts that make up a nucleotide?
Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base
Where does DNA replication take place?
In the nucleus
Where does translation take place?
Cytoplasm or ribosome would be accepted
What are the 3 sub stages of Interphase?
G1, S, G2
Name the stage of mitosis where the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
Metaphase
What type of bond holds the nitrogenous bases together in the DNA molecule?
Weak hydrogen bonds
What enzyme is responsible for adding new nucleotides to the growing DNA Strand?
Polymerase
What are the 3 letters on a tRNA molecule called?
anticodons
What happens in the S Phase?
DNA replication
What is the difference between cytokinesis and mitosis?
Mitosis divides the nucleus; cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Why does DNA replication result in two identical DNA molecules rather than two completely new ones?
Because each new DNA molecule contains one original strand that guides the creation of the new strand.
How does the sequence of nucleotides in DNA ultimately determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is translated using codons to assemble amino acids in the correct order.
What helps prevent errors during cell division?
Checkpoints
What would happen to the daughter cell sif chromosomes did not separate properly during mitosis?
They would have the wrong number of chromosomes, which could cause cell malfunction or death.