Renaissance
This northern humanist wrote a powerful critique of Catholic Church abuses in In Praise of Folly.
Erasmus
This Portuguese "explorer" opened up the School of Navigation 1418
Prince Henry the Navigator
This long war between England and France resulted in England's loss of nearly all its French territories.
Hundred Years' War
This process describes the exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and people between Europe, Africa, and the Americas following Columbus's voyages.
Columbian Exchange
This Spanish monarch supported Columbus's 1492 voyage after completing the conquest of Granada, the final Muslim stronghold in Iberia.
Ferdinand of Aragon
This wealthy family used banking wealth and political influence to support Renaissance artists and intellectuals.
Medici family
This 1494 treaty brokered by the Pope divided the newly discovered non-European world between Spain and Portugal along an imaginary meridian.
Treaty of Tordesillas
This measured wealth in a country by how much gold and silver it accumulated.
Mercantilism
This term refers to European rulers who centralized political power, weakened traditional noble privileges, and strengthened royal bureaucracies during the transition from the medieval period to the early modern era.
New Monarchies
This English king broke with the Catholic Church after the pope refused to annul his marriage, establishing the Church of England.
Who is Henry VIII
A scholar wants to spread a new interpretation of a classical Greek text throughout Europe. Which technological development would BEST help accomplish this goal?
Gutenberg's printing press
A French monarch seeks to strengthen royal authority by securing control over ecclesiastical appointments and church finances. Which agreement accomplished this goal?
A.Edict of Nantes
B.Peace of Augsburg
C.Concordat of Bologna
D.Book of Common Prayer
C.Concordat of Bologna
This section of Triangular Trade included the forced removal of African people for slave labor in the Americas.
Middle Passage
This major conflict began as a religious struggle within the Holy Roman Empire in 1618 but expanded into a broader European power struggle involving France, Sweden, Spain, and the Habsburgs.
Thirty Years' War
This Habsburg ruler controlled Spain, the Netherlands, parts of Italy, and the Holy Roman Empire, making him one of the most powerful monarchs in 16th-century Europe.
Charles V
Which Renaissance thinker argued that successful rulers might need to prioritize political stability over traditional Christian morality?
Niccolò Machiavelli
Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy (1534), which made the English monarch head of the Church of England, can best be understood as part of which of the following broader developments in the relationship between religious and political authority during the sixteenth century?
A.New Monarchs' assertion of state control over religious institutions to strengthen centralized authority and reduce competing sources of power
B.The Protestant Reformation's effort to eliminate all forms of hierarchical religious authority in favor of congregational governance
C.The Pope's decision to grant English monarchs independent authority over Church appointments to prevent the spread of radical Protestantism
D.The influence of Italian Renaissance political theorists who advocated for the complete separation of Church and state as a philosophical principle
A.New Monarchs' assertion of state control over religious institutions to strengthen centralized authority and reduce competing sources of power
Ferdinand's defeat of Muslim Granada in 1492 marked the completion of this, which was the driving of Muslims from Spain.
Reconquista
This English civil war between the rival houses of Lancaster and York ended with Henry Tudor's victory and helped establish the Tudor dynasty.
War of the Roses
This Portuguese explorer became the first European to reach India by sailing around the southern tip of Africa.
Who is Vasco da Gama?
Which term describes an intellectual movement that Erasmus exemplified by combining classical humanist learning with Christian theology?
Christian humanism
A Spanish monarch establishes an institution to identify and punish those who practice religions other than Catholicism and to ensure religious conformity throughout the realm. Which term describes this institution?
Spanish Inquisition
This explorer is known as the first to refer to it as the New World and is where the new land got it's name.
Amerigo Vespucci
This global conflict pitted Britain and Prussia against France, Austria, Russia, and their allies, with Britain emerging as the dominant colonial and naval power by the end.
Seven Years' War
This 1555 agreement temporarily settled religious conflict in the Holy Roman Empire by allowing rulers to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism for their territories.
What is the Peace of Augsburg