Newton's Laws
The property of an object to resist a change in its state of motion.
What is inertia (Newton's First Law)?
The two factors that determine the strength of the gravitational force between two objects.
Mass & Distance between them.
A push or a pull on an object.
Force
The area surrounding an object where electric or magnetic forces can be detected.
a field
According to Newton's First Law, this is required to make a stationary object move, or to change the speed or direction of a moving object.
What is a force?
Explain why an astronaut weighs less on the Moon than on Earth, even though their mass remains the same.
the Moon has much less mass than the Earth, so its gravitational pull is weaker
The force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact.
Friction
they repel because they are like objects.
What is Newton's 2nd Law & give me a real world example.
F = mass x acceleration
Ex: May Vary
The Sun is vastly more massive than the Earth. Why, then, are you stuck to the surface of the Earth by its gravity and not pulled off into the Sun?
ou are incredibly close to the Earth, and gravitational force increases as the distance between objects decreases
Distinguish between an object's mass and its weight.
mass is the amount of matter in an object (which is constant), while weight is the force of gravity acting on that mass
A student has two magnets and a paperclip. They notice that the closer they bring one of the magnets to the paperclip, the stronger the pull is. Explain this observation.
the strength of a magnetic (or electric) force increases as the distance between the objects decreases
When you are riding a skateboard, you push your foot against the ground. Construct an explanation using Newton's Third Law to describe why this action moves you forward.
your action of pushing backward on the ground, there is an equal and opposite reaction of the ground pushing you forward?
Formulate a hypothesis to explain why the planets in our solar system orbit the massive Sun instead of orbiting a much closer, but smaller, planet like Jupiter.
the Sun's mass is so overwhelmingly large that its gravitational field is the dominant force controlling the motion of all the planets, despite the vast distances
A force of attraction between things that have mass
gravity
Analyze the key difference between how gravity and magnetism affect objects. (Hint: Think about pushing and pulling).
gravity can only attract (pull), while magnetic forces can both attract and repel (push)?
A small car and a large truck collide head-on. A student claims the large truck exerts a greater force on the small car. Evaluate this claim using Newton's Third Law.
the claim is incorrect; the forces are equal and opposite, but the effect of the force (acceleration) is much greater on the car because it has less mass.
a particle that has a positive charge
proton
A student rubs a balloon on their hair and observes that the balloon now sticks to a neutral wall. They claim this is an example of a magnetic force at work. Evaluate the student's claim and provide a more accurate explanation for this phenomenon.
the claim is incorrect; this is an example of a static electric force, where rubbing the balloon transfers charges, creating an attraction between the charged balloon and the neutral wall, not a magnetic force