History & Ancient Theories
This ancient surgical intervention involved drilling or scraping a hole into the skull to release pressure or trapped evil spirits.
What is Trephination?
The core challenge in psychopathology that refers to approaching clinical studies without personal bias or emotional influence.
What is Maintaining Objectivity?
The component of Freud’s structural model of the mind that operates on the "pleasure principle" and seeks immediate gratification.
What is the Id?
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any prior learning.
What is an Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)?
Giving a child a gold star on a chart every time he cleans his room to increase his cleaning behavior is an example of this.
What is Positive Reinforcement?
Ancient medical theory credited to Hippocrates that states health depends on balancing four bodily fluids.
What is Humoralism?
The four words that complete the "4 D’s" framework: Deviance, Distress, Danger, and ____.
What is Dysfunction?
The defense mechanism where a person attributes their own unacceptable thoughts or impulses onto someone else.
What is Projection?
In Pavlov's classic experiment, the dog's salivation in response to food meat powder before any conditioning took place.
What is the Unconditioned Response (UR)
Buckling your seatbelt to stop an annoying, loud chiming sound is an example of this type of reinforcement.
What is Negative Reinforcement?
This 19th-century French reformer pioneered humanitarian asylum reforms known as "moral treatment."
Who is Philippe Pinel?
The characteristic of stigma that involves putting labeled individuals into distinct groups, creating an "us versus them" mindset.
What is Separation?
Casey feels angry at a friend but goes home and yells at a sibling instead. Casey is demonstrating this defense mechanism.
What is Displacement?
In the Little Albert experiment by Watson and Rayner, this served as the Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
What is the Loud Clanging Noise?
Slot machines pay out money after an unpredictable, varying number of lever pulls, operating on this schedule of reinforcement.
What is Variable-Ratio (VR)?
This mental disorder caused by syphilis helped support the biological (somatogenic) perspective of psychopathology.
What is General Paresis?
A student holds an odd belief but is happy, succeeding in school, and safe. Under the 4 D’s, this student only exhibits this "D."
What is Deviance?
Taylor channels strong aggressive impulses into intense boxing training. This mature defense mechanism is called ____.
What is Sublimation?
A dental patient's heart races when hearing the high-pitched hum of a drill because it was previously paired with sharp physical pain. The sharp pain is this component.
What is the Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)?
This operant conditioning technique involves rewarding successive approximations toward a desired final target behavior.
What is Shaping?
During 13th-century English Lunacy Trials, individuals born with incurable intellectual deficits were called this term.
What is "Natural Fools" (or Idiots)?
The historical policy movement aimed at using selective breeding and restrictive policies to "improve" a population's inherited traits.
What is Eugenics?
The psychosexual stage where pleasure derives primarily from sucking, biting, and feeding.
What is the Oral Stage?
After getting food poisoning from seafood, Sarah feels nauseous whenever she smells seafood. Her nausea in response to the smell is this component.
What is the Conditioned Response (CR)?
Albert Bandura demonstrated that children’s fear of dogs could be reduced through this observational learning process.
What is Modeling?