People
Portuguese leader who opened a navigation school to help support expeditions around Africa, to Asia.
Prince Henry "the Navigator"
Name of the largest centralized center of trade in North America before Europeans arrived.
Cahokia
Holy War between Christians and Muslims that helped to increase the zeal for spreading Christianity during the Age of Exploration.
Crusades
Brutal part of the slave trade, transportation of human chattel across the Atlantic Ocean to be sold to planters.
Middle Passage
Corn or Potato
Sponsored Christopher Columbus voyage in 1492.
Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand, Spain
Center of trade and culture in West Africa around 1492. Home to extensive library too!
Timbuktu
The development of this meant that enslaved labor would be defined by race in America and it would be a permanent and perpetual system.
"New World" Slavery
Beginning with Columbus transfer of food, plants, animals, people, minerals, diseases etc. between Old and New Worlds.
Columbian Exchange
Term for the type of houses in the North American arid Southwest, built by the Pueblo people of clay/ sand/ vegetation materials.
Adobe
Example of Native American society who lived in the Pacific Northwest and subsisted using resources from the sea, lived in plank houses.
Kwakiutl
Name of the Aztec capital, largest city in the Americas before the arrival of Europeans. It is located where Mexico city is today.
Tenochtitlan
This helps explains why the Native American population of the Caribbean, Central America, and South America was nearly decimated during the early 16th century.
Smallpox (Columbian Exchange)
Large sailing ship made for long ocean voyages, maritime improvement that supported the Age of Exploration.
Caravel
Term for the extended family networks that existed in Native American and African societies.
Kinship
Example of Native American society who lived in the Woodlands of Eastern North America and made their homes in longhouses.
Iroquois, Powhatan
The name of early Portuguese slave trading post in West Africa, modern Ghana.
Elmina Castle
This explains why Europe went from being dominated by the Roman Catholic Church, to having other Christian denominations (Anglican, Lutheran, Huguenots, Calvinists).
Protestant Reformation
Term for Native American societies where women had a lot of power and family descended through the female line.
Matrilineal
Complex civilization before the arrival of Europeans who built their empire in the Andes Mountains in South America.
Inca
African who was enslaved at the time of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and wrote account of it later to oppose slavery.
Olaudah Equiano
Where maize/ corn was first cultivated in the Americas, foundations of permanent complex societies.
Central Mexico.
This helps explain the increase in warfare among tribes, like the Sioux, living on the Great Plains after the arrival of Europeans.
Introduction the Spanish horse (Columbian Exchange)
Term for a Spanish system of enslaving Native Americans to work in the mines and sugar plantations of the Caribbean, Central America, and South America.
Encomienda System
Theory for how the first Americans arrived to the continent at the end of last Ice Age.