ALEXANDER RISES
This Macedonian king was Alexander’s father and created the powerful army his son inherited.
Who was Philip II?
These extremely long Macedonian pikes were carried by soldiers fighting in Philip and Alexander’s phalanx, the backbone of their armies.
What are sarissas?
Alexander continued his campaigns eastward until reaching this South Asian subcontinent.
What is India?
Alexander died unexpectedly in 323 BCE in this great Mesopotamian city.
What is Babylon?
This term describes the blending and spread of Greek culture across the lands conquered by Alexander.
What is Hellenistic culture?
Alexander became king of Macedon in 336 BCE after this event happened to his father.
What was Philip II’s assassination?
Alexander defeated the Persian king Darius III at this major battle in 333 BCE.
What was the Battle of Issus?
In 327 BCE, Alexander needed wings to subdue this Central Asian fortress perched 900m up a sheer cliff. Instead of wings, he used mountaineers.
What is the Sogdian Rock?
This term means “successors” and refers to the generals who fought over Alexander’s empire.
Who were the Diadochi?
This dynasty ruled Egypt from Alexandria after Alexander’s death.
What was the Ptolemaic Dynasty?
This philosopher served as Alexander’s tutor during his youth.
Who was Aristotle?
This Persian king repeatedly faced Alexander before fleeing after major defeats.
Who was Darius III?
This Indian king fought Alexander at the Battle of the Hydaspes before becoming his ally.
Who was King Porus?
This senior commander initially tried to hold Alexander’s empire together after the king’s death.
Who was Perdiccas?
This successor kingdom controlled enormous territories across much of the former Persian Empire.
What was the Seleucid Empire?
This Greek city revolted against Alexander in 335 BCE and was largely destroyed after he crushed the rebellion.
What is Thebes?
This decisive 331 BCE victory broke the military power of the Persian Empire.
What was the Battle of Gaugamela?
Alexander’s soldiers finally refused to continue marching east at this river.
What is the Hyphasis River?
This Diadochi grew up with Alexander and may have been his half-brother. He consolidated power around Egypt after Alexander's death and seized his body to legitimize his claim.
Who was Ptolemy I?
This Macedonian dynasty continued to rule Macedonia and parts of Greece during the Hellenistic period.
What was the Antigonid Dynasty?
According to legend, Alexander solved this impossible tangle by cutting through it with his sword.
What was the Gordian Knot?
Alexander sacked and burned this Persian capital to the ground in 330 BCE, eliminating the last traces of Achaemenid royal power.
What was Persepolis?
This beloved horse carried Alexander through much of his campaigning and later gave its name to a city.
Who was Bucephalus?
This 301 BCE battle destroyed Antigonus’s attempt to reunite most of Alexander’s empire.
What was the Battle of Ipsus?
Alexander shocked many of his Macedonian troops by marrying this Bactrian princess in 327 BCE, symbolizing his growing effort to unite his Macedonian conquerors with the peoples of his new eastern empire.
Who was Roxana?