Transmission & spreading of Disease
Name two modes of direct disease transmission.
Direct contact and contact with body fluids.
What is the first line of defence in the immune system?
Skin and mucous membranes (non-specific).
Difference between infectious and non-infectious diseases?
Infectious: caused by pathogens; Non-infectious: not caused by pathogens (e.g., genetic).
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
To produce ATP (energy) for cellular processes.
Who painted the Mona Lisa?
Leonardo da Vinci.
How can contaminated water lead to disease outbreaks? Give an example.
Water can carry pathogens like cholera bacteria, leading to outbreaks when consumed.
What is the role of neutrophils in the inflammatory response?
They engulf and destroy pathogens through phagocytosis.
One key feature of viruses and one of bacteria?
Viruses: need host to replicate; Bacteria: can reproduce independently.
Define metabolism.
All chemical reactions in a cell that maintain life.
In whcih country would I find the historic town Wieliczka (vee -eh-lee-chka)
Polant
How does the mobility of individuals affect disease spread?
Increased movement allows pathogens to spread to new areas and populations.
Compare the B cells and T cells
B cells produce antibodies; T cells destroy infected cells.
How do adherence factors help pathogens?
They allow pathogens to stick to host cells and tissues.
What is the first stage of aerobic respiration
Glycolysis
What is my favourite Disney movie?
Ratatouille
What is a disease-specific vector? Give an example.
An organism that transmits a pathogen; e.g., mosquitoes for malaria.
Difference between naturally and artificially acquired passive immunity?
Natural: antibodies from mother; Artificial: injection of antibodies (e.g., antivenom).
What is the role of toxins in pathogenesis?
Toxins damage host tissues and disrupt normal functions.
Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic: uses oxygen, more ATP; Anaerobic: no oxygen, less ATP.
London
Explain how the persistence of a pathogen within a host influences transmission.
Longer persistence increases chances of transmission before symptoms appear or treatment begins.
What do memory cells do in long-term immunity?
They "remember" pathogens and trigger faster responses upon re-exposure.
What does a zone of inhibition in an antimicrobial test indicate?
The effectiveness of the antimicrobial agent in preventing microbial growth.
How is ATP generated in the electron transport chain?
Electrons pass through proteins, pumping H⁺ ions to create a gradient that powers ATP synthase.
What senior subjects did I complete?
Math methods, Chemistry, Art, Business, SOR, General English