An ideal or a goal that develops gradually from the results of many research studies that examine the measurement procedure in a wide variety of situations (pg. 12)
What is construct validity
100
A ___ scale does not allow us to determine magnitude of the difference between two individuals (pg.19)
What is ordinal scale
100
When a researcher uses the same exact measurement procedure for the same group of individuals at two different times (pg.17)
What is test-retest reliability
100
The primary advantage of a ______ measure is that it is probably the most direct way to assess a construct (pg. 24).
What is a self-report measure
100
Reactivity occurs when participants _________ in response to the fact that the are participating in a research study.
What is "modify their natural behavior" (pg.29)
200
____ is demonstrated when scores obtained from a measure accurately predict behavior according to a theory (pg. 11).
What is predictive validity
200
With ___ scales, we can determine whether a change in one variable is accompanied by a change in the other variable, but we cannot determine the direction of the change (pg. 23)
What is a nominal scale
200
When error is ____, reliability is low, and when error is ____, reliability is high (pg. 16).
What is large, What is small
200
An artifact can threaten the validity of the measurements because you are not really measuring what you intended. An example of an artifact would be when a researcher manipulates participants motivation, also known as ____(pg.28).
What is experimenter bias
200
Instead of truthfully, this subject role responds in a socially desirable fashion as they are concerned with their performance evaluating their abilities.
What is the apprehensive subject role
300
Used to differentiate between two conceptually distinct constructs like aggression and activity (pg.13)
What is divergent validity
300
Measurements from a ____ scale allow us to determine the direction, the magnitude, and the RATIO of the difference.
Easy way to remember the 0, none, or the complete absence..
What is a ratio scale
300
The degree of agreement between two observers is called (pg.17)
What is inter-rater reliability
300
A ____ is the clustering of scores at the low end of a measurement scale, allowing little or no possibility of decreases in value (pg. 27)
What is a floor effect
300
These participants have identified the hypothesis of the study and are trying to act contrary to the investigator's hypothesis (pg.30)
What is the negativistic subject role
400
Because one procedure is well established and accepted as being valid, we infer that the second procedure must also be valid (pg. 8).
What is concurrent validity
400
A _____ scale indicates a temperature of 0 degrees Fahrenheit but does not mean there is no temperature (pg. 20).
What is a interval scale
400
Hunger probably does not lower intelligence, but it can be a distraction that causes a lower score on an IQ test. This example of a common source of error is ____ (pg. 16)
What is participant changes
400
A research study where neither the participants nor the researcher know who is getting which drug until the study is completed is _______ (pg.29)
What is double-blind
400
We do not want these participants because they have identified the hypothesis of the study and are trying to produce responses that support the investigator's hypothesis.
What is the good subject role
500
Creating two different methods for measuring the variable (pg.12)
What is convergent validity
500
Participants are asked to use a scale LABELED from 1(strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) to rate the degree to which they agree or disagree. The difference between 1 and 2 may not be the same difference between 3 and 4. The scale is... (pg.22)
What is an ordinal scale
500
To measure the degree of consistency, researchers commonly split the set of items in half and compute a separate score for each half, this is called ___ reliability (pg.17)
What is split-half reliability
500
The equipment used to measure ______ measures is not dependent on subjective interpretation by either the researcher or the participant. One disadvantage of such measures is that they typically require equipment that may be expensive or unavailable (pg. 24)
What is a physiological measure
500
These are the participants we want in our study. pg.30-31