water & life
which atom is more electronegative in water?
oxygen
whats the monomer for carbs
monosaccharides
what is the polarity of fatty acid tails?
nonpolar, hydrophobic
nucleotides
what group gives amino acids their polarity and function
amino acids
what are the main elements in macromolecules?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
explain dehydration synthesis vs hydrolysis
synthesis: subtract water to bond
hydrolysis: add water to split
what are the traits of a saturated fatty acid tail?
single, straight, solid
how do these pair
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C)
apple in trees
car in garage
chain folds locally into alpha helix/beta sheats through hydrogen bonds
second structure
name 2 properties of water
- high specific heat
- high heat of vaporization
- cohesion / adhesion
- surface tension
what is the bond that forms polysaccharides?
glycosidic links
what causes a bent tail
double bonds
what does rna do?
rna carries out instructions given by dna
tertiary structure
3d shape
what bonds does water form within itself?
covalent bonds
(hydrogen bonds form w/ OTHER water molecules)
name the polysaccharide that builds plant walls
cellulose
what do steroids do
regulate hormones
what is the backbone on dna/rna
pentose sugar + phosphate
order of amino acids in chain
primary structure
why is carbon a fundamental building block?
it has the ability to form 4 stable bonds
name the polysaccharides that store plant energy & animal energy
starch & glycogen
what do cholesteral do
helps maintain structure of animal cells
what end are new nucleotides added to, and how?
3', phosphodester/covalent bond
multiple peptide chains and the shpe they make
quarternary structure