Renaissance
This Italian family were major patrons of the arts and ruled Florence during the Renaissance.
The Medici
This Spanish thinker and clergyman argued that violent conquest was not necessary for conversion.
Bartolomé de las Casas
This man is known for posting his 95 Theses, challenging the Catholic Church's practices.
Martin Luther
This English king initiated the Reformation in England by separating from the Catholic Church.
King Henry VIII
This 1555 agreement allowed German princes to choose either Lutheranism or Catholicism for their states.
Peace of Augsburg
This war concluded with the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559)
The Italian Wars (or the Habsburg-Valois Wars)
His crew was the first to circumnavigate the world.
Ferdinand Magellan
This practice of selling indulgences was one of the main issues Martin Luther protested against.
selling of indulgences
The Act of Supremacy (1534) declared this person as the head of the Church of England.
Henry VIII, not Elizabeth
This aristocratic house was virulently (violently) Catholic during the French Wars of Religion.
The House of Guise
This shading technique, used by Renaissance artists, enhanced naturalness and three-dimensionality
Chiaroscuro
This Spanish ruler became rich due to the influx of silver pouring from his colonies in the Americas.
Philip II
This Reformer established a theocracy in Geneva and believed in predestination.
John Calvin
The execution of this queen drove Philip II to mobilize his famous armada.
Mary, Queen of Scots
Henry of Navarre was one of these - a person who placed political peace above religious unity.
A curriculum that embraces politics, history, philosophy, and rhetoric.
Humanism (or studia humanitatis)
Name four countries that benefited from first-wave colonialism.
Spain, Portugal, England, The Netherlands, France.
Introduced a branch of Protestantism in Switzerland that emphasized a symbolic interpretation of the Eucharist, differing from Martin Luther’s views.
Ulrich Zwingli
Elizabeth I dealt firmly with these radical Protestants, who wanted every congregation to be totally autonomous.
This treaty ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648 and redrew the political map of Europe.
Peace of Westphalia
A Dutch satirist who some say "laid the egg that Luther hatched" in 1517
Desiderius Erasmus
This emergent economic system justified the exploitation of the Americas during first-wave colonialism.
This radical Protestant group believed in adult baptism and rejected infant baptism, making them distinct from both Lutherans and Catholics.
Anabaptists
Elizabeth I sent troops to support a movement for national liberation in this region.
Louis XIV revoked this decree of religious toleration.
The Edict of Nantes (1598)