Feds vs. Anti-Feds
This is the idea that power is divided by and shared between the federal government and the states.
What is federalism?
This form of financial aid from the national government gives the states specific provisions on their use.
What are categorical grants?
This event signaled to political leaders that a new political order with a stronger central government was necessary.
What is Shay's Rebellion?
This many states need to ratify an amendment for it to be passed.
What is three-fourths (or 38)?
Who is considered to be the "father of the Constitution"?
Who is James Madison?
Federalists and Anti-Federalists mainly disagreed on this.
What is the amount of power that the federal government has?
This is the federal requirement the states must follow without being provided with funding.
What are unfunded mandates?
This plan proposed a bicameral legislature with representation in both branches based on population.
What is the Virginia Plan?
What is two-thirds?
This establishes that the U.S. Constitution and federal laws take precedence over states laws and constitutions.
What is the Supremacy Clause?
In Federalist No. 10, James Madison acknowledges the inevitability of factions but argues this is the solution.
What is a large republic?
This was used by Congress as reasoning for passing the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990.
What is the commerce clause?
This issue was raised at the Constitutional Convention not because morality but because of representation.
What is slavery?
The amendment process is outlined in this part of the U.S. Constitution.
What is Article V?
This is idea that the Supreme Court has the power to review the constitutionality of federal and state laws, as well as acts of the Executive Branch.
What is Judicial Review?
This Anti-Federalist essay argued that a republic as large as the one proposed by the Constitution would lead to tyranny and threaten individual rights.
What is Brutus 1?
This clause under the 14th Amendment gives more power to the federal government by restricting state governments from denying their citizens their life, liberty, or property without legal safeguards.
What is the Due Process Clause?
The New Jersey Plan favored smaller states by proposing this type of federal legislature.
What is a unicameral legislature with equal representation?
Anti-Federalists believed this was needed to prevent the central government from taking rights from states and citizens.
What is a bill of rights?
What is devolution?
This essay, written by James Madison, argues that the system of checks and balances in the federal government, as well as the federalist system set up by the Constitution, will prevent tyranny and protect individual liberties.
What is Federalist No. 51?
These are advantages of federalism for the creation of public policy in the U.S.
Answers may vary: What are states making policy specific to their individual needs and the federal government establishing uniform policy (if and when necessary)?
Under the Articles of Confederation, the central government could not do these things.
What is levying taxes, making states carry out its policies, and raising an army/navy?
In this case, SCOTUS ruled that Congress had the constitutional authority under the Necessary and Proper Clause to establish a national bank and that states could not tax these federal institutions.
What is McCulloch v. Maryland?
This clause in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution grants Congress the power necessary to carry out its enumerated powers.
What is the necessary and proper (elastic) clause?