Before the Constitution
Group that opposed the ratification of the constitution
Who are the anti-federalists
This amendment to the United States Constitution reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states.
What is the Tenth Amendment?
This principle means power is divided among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
What is separation of powers?
Federalists argued that a strong national government was necessary primarily to solve the weaknesses of this earlier governing system.
What are the Articles of Confederation?
Document that stated the colonists rationale to protect their natural rights by instituting a new government
What is the Declaration of Independence
These powers are shared by both the federal and state governments, such as taxing and law enforcement.
What are concurrent powers?
This principle allows each branch of government to limit the power of the other branches.
What are checks and balances?
Anti-Federalists supported adding a Bill of Rights mainly because they feared this outcome under the new Constitution. a series of essays written in support of ratifying the constitution
What is government abuse of individual liberties / tyranny?
Document that created strong states governments and a weak, ineffective central government
What is the Articles of Confederation
This model of federalism compares the relationship between state and national governments to a “layer cake,” with clear separation of powers.
What is dual federalism?
This principle is shown when the Constitution divides power in a way that prevents any one branch from becoming too powerful.
What is limited government?
This weakness of the Articles of Confederation made it difficult for the national government to raise money.
What is the lack of power to tax?
Exposed the division between rural poor and urban elite, and highlighted the need for a national military
What is Shays' Rebellion
This shift in federalism, especially during the New Deal era, expanded national government involvement in areas traditionally controlled by states, blending federal and state responsibilities more closely.
What is the expansion of cooperative federalism?
This principle limits government power by making it subject to law, not arbitrary authority.
What is rule of law?
Compared to the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution’s ratification represented a shift toward this type of government power structure.
What is a stronger national government (federal supremacy over states)?
This theory argues that multiple groups compete for influence in government, and policy outcomes reflect bargaining among them.
What is pluralism?
This principle, reflected in colonial governments, holds that a government’s authority comes from the consent of the governed.
What is popular sovereignty?
This constitutional principle allows the federal government to expand its influence over state policy not through direct regulation, but by attaching conditions to the receipt of federal funds, often leading states to comply with national priorities.
What is fiscal federalism
This principle suggests that the Constitution should be interpreted based on its original meaning at the time it was written.
What is originalism or constructionist?
Anti-Federalist objections to ratification most directly influenced which long-term constitutional development?
What is the addition of the Bill of Rights (first 10 amendments)?