Models of the Atom
Describe the first model of the atom proposed by both Democritus and Dalton
a solid sphere
what two subatomic particles make up the nucleus?
Neutrons + Protons
another term for visible light is...?
electromagnetic radiation
what is the octet rule?
each orbital can only hold up to 8 electrons
name another type of ray/wave that is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum other than visible light
x-ray, gamma ray, microwave, radiowave, UV
How many valence electrons does phosphorus have?
5 ve-
an anion is...?
and atom with a negative charge
How is light emitted?
By electrons coming back down from the excited state to the ground state and releasing energy in the form of light.
If a light yellow/orange emission is given off, what assumptions can we make about the wavelengths & frequency?
long wavelength low frequency
what is the lowest level of orbital?
S level
In Thomson's model, how did he get the overall atom to be neutral if he discovered that electrons were negatively charged?
he stated that the atom with filled with a positively charged fluid that surrounded the electrons.
define Isotope
and atom with a different mass b/c it has a different number of neutrons
what does it mean that electrons are quantized?
electrons can only exist within specific energy levels
a particle of light is called a ...?
photon
during the photoelectric effect, what substance is emitted off of metal/material?
electrons
What evidence did Thompson use to prove that electrons were negatively charged?
He put a positive magnet next to the ray and the ray bent towards it. Opposites attract = electrons = negative
calculate the amount of neutrons in and isotope of Arsenic 79
46 neutrons
define orbital
region of space where electrons are likely to be found
what does the Schrödinger Equation predict?
it predicts a particle's energy level & where an electron is likely to be found
what causes the emission of electrons in the photoelectric effect?
electromagnetic radiation (light)
What did the gold foil experiment prove and what evidence was used to support it?
proved existence of nucleus b/c the particles were bouncing off something
(mass x %) + (mass x %) ...
what does it mean for electrons to be quantized?
They can only exist at specific energy levels
If a wave is described as having a short wavelength, what can we assume about its frequency and energy level?
high frequency/energy level
what is the shape of a p orbital?
dumbbell/hourglass