Elements of Life & Macromolecules Overview
What are the 6 key elements in biological molecules?
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S).
what are the monomers of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
Elements of all lipids.
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What are the 3 components that make up a nucleotide?
5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group
What is the name of the cellular structure where proteins are manufactured?
Ribosome
Out of the 6, what are the main 3 in macromolecules?
Carbon (C), Oxygen (O), and Hydrogen (H)
What is a long chain of monosaccharides called?
A polysaccharide
Lipid that makes up the plasma membrane
Phospholipids
What bond holds together the nitrogenous bases pairs that is weak?
Hydrogen bonds
What determines a protein's function?
The unique 3D shape of the protein
In Hydrolysis, do the molecules break into smaller molecules and add water or attach molecules and lose water?
Break and add water
What is the process that joins two monosaccharides together by removing a water molecule to form a bond called?
Dehydration Synthesis
Lipid that store energy
Fats
This nitrogenous base is found in RNA, but is replaced by Thymine in DNA.
Uracil
The level of structure that is primarily determined by interactions between R-groups, such as hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, and disulfide bridges.
Tertiary structure
What is the term used for the connection of many monomers?
Polymerization
What are the monomers of carbohydrates composed of?
Simple sugars like glucose, fructose, and galactose
Building blocks of lipids
Glycerol and fatty acids
What is the pentose sugar in the DNA that is missing one oxygen atom
Deoxyribose
What is the primary function of the secondary structure?
Localizes folding patterns into alpha helices and beta pleated sheets
Which two things are removed from the monomers to form a water molecule and allow the two monomers to form covalent bonds for dehydration?
A hydrogen ion and a hydroxyl group
What are carbohydrates composed of?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
polarity of lipids
Can be hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or amphipathic
What is the 3D twisted ladder structure of DNA called
A double helix
This level of structure is only present in proteins that are made of two or more folded polypeptide chains or subunits.
Quaternary Structure