Prokaryotes
Are prokaryotic cells generally small or large?
Small
Eukaryotic cells are bigger and more complex than what other type of cells?
Prokaryotic cells
What is the protein shell that surrounds a virus’s genetic material called?
A Capsid
What is the smallest building block of matter?
An atom
What are the four main types of biomolecules found in living things?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Are prokaryotic cells usually unicellular or multicellular?
Unicellular
What is one major difference between eukaryotic cells and viruses?
Eukaryotic cells are living, with a nucleus and organelles, while viruses are not living and need a host cell to reproduce.
What is the difference between the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle?
In the lytic cycle, the virus quickly makes copies and bursts (lyses) the host cell. In the lysogenic cycle, the viral DNA hides inside the host’s DNA and can stay inactive before switching to the lytic cycle.
When atoms join together, what do they form?
Molecules
Carbohydrates are made up of smaller building blocks called what?
Monosaccharides (simple sugars like glucose)
What important structure do prokaryotic cells NOT have that eukaryotic cells do?
Nucleus
Do eukaryotes include unicellular organisms, multicellular organisms, or both?
Both
How do viruses infect a host cell?
They attach to the host cell and inject their genetic material
What comes right after molecules in the levels of organization?
Cells
Proteins do many jobs in the body, like speeding up chemical reactions. What special type of protein helps speed up these reactions?
Enzymes
Do prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria or chloroplasts?
No
What two main features make eukaryotic cells more complex than prokaryotic cells?
They have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Why are viruses not considered living organisms like cells?
They cannot make energy or reproduce on their own; they need a host cell
A group of cells working together is called what?
A tissue
Which biomolecule stores genetic information that tells cells how to make proteins?
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
What type of organisms are prokaryotic cells?
Bacteria
What are some examples of Eukaryotic Cells?
Animal cells
Plant cells
What do Vaccines have inside of them?
Vaccines contain a weakened or inactive form of the virus that trains the immune system to recognize and fight it
Put these in order from smallest to largest: Atom, Organism, Cell, Molecule, Organ System, Tissue, Organ
Atom → Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism
Look at a food label that shows: Total Fat: 10g, Carbohydrates: 25g, Protein: 5g.
Which biomolecule gives the body the quickest energy, and which one is used for building muscles?
Carbohydrates give quick energy; proteins are used for building and repairing muscles.