you are what you eat
what is the composition of triglycerides? Bonus: what is the composition for phospholipids?
3 fatty acids, 1 glycerol
2 fatty acids, 1 glycerol, 1 phosphate group
the two parts of every virus
what are nucleic acids and capsid?
the structure composed of peptidoglycan that helps determine shape of bacteria
what is the cell wall?
the organelle that contains chromatin and houses our genetic material?
what is the nucleus?
which process does NOT require the presence of energy or proteins? (Bonus: can you name an example)?
simple diffusion/passive transport
osmosis!
what is a specific example of something that has one or more covalent bonds?
avocado oil(unsaturated fats)
when a bacterium acquires a new trait this is called(Bonus: what is this trait typically)?
what is the lysogenic conversion?
bonus: a toxin or dangerous protein
-cholera
this is the major source for antibiotics
Ribosomes
name one factor that influences membrane fluidity
1. Length of phospholipid tails(shorter is easier)
2. Presence of double bonds(unsaturated fatty acids): double bonds cause kinks: “anti social”
3. Presence of cholesterol
what is one molecule that has low permeability?
what is a macromolecule?
a polysaccharide that makes indigestible fiber… Bonus: why can’t we digest this?
cellulose, beta-glycosidic linkages(only digest alpha)
what is one way a virus exits animal cells?
what is budding, lysis, or exocytosis
the circular structure that provides bacteria with genetic advantages
plasmids
which characteristic of a cell allows for efficient exchange of water, nutrients, and waste?
what is it’s high surface area to volume ratio?
this process transports molecules via invagination of plasma membrane to form vesicles(Bonus: can you name examples)?
what is bulk transport?
bonus:
1. Phagocytosis: endocytosis of pathogens
2. Pinocytosis: endocytosis of liquid
3. Receptor-mediate: binds to receptors in plasma membrane
name the composition of a protein
1. amino group(n-terminus, nitrogen, amino end)
2. carboxyl group(c-terminus, carboxyl end)
3. R-group: side chains
4. Carbon center w/hydrogen attached
phage DNA integrates into the host chromosome is a part of
the lysogenic cycle
I have teichoic and liopteichocic acids… what am I?
gram positive bacteria
which organelle is the MOST responsible for the transport of molecules?
what are vesicles?
what are the adjacent cells connected to cytoskeleton with intermediate filaments? (Bonus: name the other 2 components)!
What are adhesion junctions? (Provides strength at stress points: “Velcro“)
Bonus:
1. Tight Junctions: “stitching in quilt:” prevents leakage between cells/barrier
2. Gap Junctions: allow for free flow of ions: communication(important in muscle cells)
results from interactions of ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds between R-Groups
tertiary structure
how and who do naked viruses penetrate?
have needles to directly inject virus into bacteria, infect bacteriophages(bacteria)
the organelle used to survive unfavorable conditions
Endospores
what are the 3 components of the cytoskeleton?
1. Microfilaments: “rubber bands:” smallest, movement/stretches
2. Microtubules: “the British tube:” acts as a train track to move organelles, mitosis, largest
3. Intermediate filaments: “frame of the house:” doesn’t move, but provides structural support
what are the two organelles that are an arrangement of micro tubules and produce movement using ATP?
what are the cilia and flagella?