Biomolecules
Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are long chains made up of repeating sub-units called this.
What are nucleotides?
A student examines a single-celled organism under a microscope and notes that its DNA floats freely in a nucleoid region without a surrounding nuclear membrane. This cell is classified as this type
What is a prokaryotic cell?
Unlike prokaryotic cells, all eukaryotic cells store their linear genetic material inside this double-membrane-bound structure.
What is the nucleus?
All viruses consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protective shell made of protein called this
What is a capsid?
A scientist isolates a organic compound containing Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen. Tests confirm it is built from amino acid monomers connected by peptide bonds. This molecule belongs to this group of biomolecules.
What are proteins
A complex Carbohydrate used to construct the cell wall in plant cells.
What is Cellulose
Despite lacking membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells still contain these small structures to synthesize proteins needed for survival.
What are ribosomes?
Eukaryotic cells require vast amounts of cellular energy (ATP) to perform active transport and cell division. This organelle is known as the "powerhouse" where cellular respiration takes place.
What is the mitochondrion (or mitochondria)?
Viruses are considered non-living because they lack cell organelles, cannot perform metabolic processes on their own, and require this type of living cell to reproduce.
Name two organelle structures that are found in plant eukaryotic cells to provide support and store water, but are either missing or significantly smaller in animal cells.
What are the cell wall and the large central vacuole?
While carbohydrates and lipids both contain Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, lipids are distinct because they are nonpolar and possess this property regarding water.
What is being hydrophobic
Name two cellular structures that are shared by BOTH prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and one membrane-bound organelle found ONLY in eukaryotic cells.
Shared (Any two): Cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, or ribosomes.
Eukaryotic Only (Any one): Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, or Golgi apparatus.
A student looks at an unknown eukaryotic cell under a microscope and identifies a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. The student correctly classifies this as this specific type of eukaryotic cell.
What is a plant cell?
During this fast-acting viral reproductive cycle, the virus commandeers the host cell's machinery to assemble new viruses, causing the host cell to burst (lyse) and destroy the cell immediately.
What is the lytic cycle?
A polymer made up of sugars used to provide structure and support via the cell wall in prokaryotic cells
What is peptidoglycan
Plants store excess amounts of glucose in the form of starch while animals store excess glucose in the form of
(hint: Its a complex Carbohydrate)
What is glycogen
A lab analysis reveals that Cell A has circular DNA, a cell wall, and no internal membrane-bound compartments, while Cell B has linear DNA enclosed in a nucleus. Based on these features, identify which cell has greater structural complexity and state its classification.
What is Cell B, which is a eukaryotic cell?
While mitochondria produce energy through cellular respiration in almost all eukaryotic cells, plant cells also contain these solar-powered organelles that carry out photosynthesis.
What are chloroplasts?
A table lists three traits of an unknown entity: it contains RNA, has a protein coat, lacks ribosomes, and cannot synthesize its own ATP. State whether this entity is a cell or a virus, and provide the primary reason why it cannot replicate independently.
What is a virus, and it cannot replicate independently because it lacks ribosomes and metabolic machinery to build proteins/ATP on its own?
During the lysogenic cycle, viral DNA integrates into the host cell's genome and remains dormant until a trigger forces the virus to enter this active, cell-destroying cycle.
What is the lytic cycle?
Proteins perform diverse jobs in the body, such as providing structural support and speeding up chemical reactions as these biological catalysts.
What are enzymes?
This scientific theory explains how complex eukaryotic cells evolved when ancestral prokaryotic cells engulfed smaller aerobic and photosynthetic prokaryotes, which eventually became mitochondria and chloroplasts.
What is the Endosymbiotic Theory (or Endosymbiosis)?
There are different explanations for how cells became complex. One explanation proposes that internal membranes, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, formed when the cell membrane folded inward.
This theory is know as the
During viral replication, a virus provides only the genetic template. Identify the specific host cell organelle the virus relies on to read its viral mRNA and build new viral protein capsids.
hint: Synthesizes proteins
What are ribosomes?
The cell membrane maintains a semi-permeable barrier thanks to a bilayer composed of these amphipathic lipid molecules, which feature hydrophilic phosphate heads and hydrophobic fatty acid tails.
What are phospholipids