Microscopy and Cell Theory:
What is a cell?
This is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
What type of cell lacks membrane bound organelles?
Prokaryotes.
Which cell organelle produces ATP?
What is the cell wall made of?
Cellulose.
What is the fluid-mosaic model?
It describes the cell membrane as a flexible, dynamic, and fluid bilayer of phospholipids embedded with a diverse mosaic of proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates.
What is a light microscope?
This type of microscope uses visible light and glass lenses.
Name three membrane bound organelles found in eurkarotes.
Mitochondria, nucleus, ER, golgi apparatus, etc.
Which cell organelle modifies, sorts and packages proteins?
Golgi apparatus.
Explain how the vacuole maintains turgor pressure.
The central vacuole maintains turgor pressure by accumulating water via osmosis, causing it to swell and push the cytoplasm against the rigid cell wall.
What is passive transport?
This type of transport requires no energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient.
Name three principals of cell theory.
1. All organisms are made up of cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of life.
3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Prokaryotes are typically smaller than eukaryotes, explain one advantage of being smaller.
They have a larger SA:V ratio, allowing a faster diffusion of substances.
Which cell organelle acts as a network of membranes involved in protein synthesis and transport.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Name three organelles present in a plant cell, that aren't in an animal cell.
Central vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall.
What are the two proteins involved in facilitated diffusion called?
Channel proteins and carrier proteins.
A student views a cell at X40 objective magnification with a X10 eyepiece. What is the total magnification?
X400
Describe the location of DNA in prokaryotes and how it's organised.
The DNA is usually a singular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cytoplasm.
What is the difference between lysosomes and peroxisomes?
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes.
What is the purpose of the pigment chlorophyll in plant cells.
Chlorophyll traps light energy from the sun in order for photosynthesis to occur.
What is osmosis?
A type of diffusion specific to water only in which water moves from a high water concentration to a low water concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.
Explain why resolution is more important than magnification when viewing cells.
Resolution determines clarity and ability to distinguish two close objects as separate.
Describe two structural differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes and explain how they function.
1. No nucleus vs Nucleus.
2. Lack of organelles.
3. Flagella vs No flagella.
4. Any appropriate answer.
Explain why plant cells still need mitochondria, as well as chloroplasts.
What are the three components of the cytoskeleton.
Microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments.
Explain the difference between a hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solution in relation to a cell.