The Early Harvest
What two crops did the FIRST farmers near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers grow?
Wheat and barley
What is "the style and construction of a building"?
Architecture
A channel dug by people; used by boats or for irrigation is a...
Canal
Who filled some of the first governing roles in early settlements and helped settle conflicts?
Priests
What do the words Paleolithic and Neolithic mean?
Paleolithic = Old Stone Age
Neolithic = New Stone Age
What was the name of one of the first forms of writing that helped people communicate in early civilizations?
Cuneiform
What is the term for dividing work into specific tasks performed by different people?
Division of Labor
What natural feature did the first civilizations commonly develop near?
As settlements grew into larger city-states, who became their main rulers?
Kings
What does barter mean?
Why were early farmers able to develop small farming villages?
They began growing and domesticating crops.
A person makes tools and other goods instead of farming. What type of specialized worker would this person be?
A craftsperson
What technology allowed farmers in Mesopotamia to control water and provide it to their crops?
Irrigation
Why did early settlements need more organized leadership as they grew?
Larger communities faced bigger and more complex challenges.
What was the order of the social structure in early civilizations?
1. Merchants
2. Craftspeople
3. Farmers
A group of people settles in one place, shares customs and language, and develops connections with nearby settlements. What has this group formed?
A civilization
Farmers, craftspeople, and merchants had different positions in Mesopotamian society. What do we call the way people were classified into different levels?
How did early civilizations control floods?
Dams and canals
Why were the earliest civilizations able to develop new technologies and customs instead of simply copying other settled cultures?
They were the first civilizations so they did not have a model to follow.
Why was the Fertile Crescent good for farming?
How did surpluses of food, specialization of work, and bartering help early civilizations develop?
Name at least 2
Job Specialization
Barter
Infrastructure
Why was communication important to early civilizations, even before every civilization had writing?
Communication allowed people to organize trade, technology, government, and other parts of their civilization.
The water that flowed over the land carried _______ and other nutrients that were left behind when the floodwaters dried up. They made the soil in the valleys good for farming.
Minerals
The oval shaped, carved stone from Mesopotamia records what?
A gift of land from a king
Name 3 characteristics of a civilization.
Culture / Specialization / Infrastructure / Stable Food Supply / Government / Technology / Belief Systems / Writing / Social Structure