Properties of Water
What is the correct amount of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water
Two hydrogen, one oxygen
Definition of a monomer.
A small molecule that can be bonded to like molecules.
The four types of macromolecules.
Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Give two functions of proteins
repair and build body tissues, maintain hormones, enzyme control
What does an enzyme do?
Speeds up a reaction
The pulling of water from soil in the roots up the tree and to the leaves
Capillary Action
Definition of a polymer.
A substance made from smaller monomers into long chains
Two examples of nucleic acids.
RNA and DNA.
Give two functions of Carbohydrates
Short term energy, help control blood sugar and insulin, participate in metabolism
What is the active site and what binds to it
The active site is the part of the enzyme shaped in a particular way to accept the substrate
The thing that holds the hydrogen atoms to the oxygen atom.
Hydrogen Bonds: Polarity that attracts electrons which keeps them together.
Some Similarities between all types of molecules.
They all contain carbon, all made up of monomers, all of their monomers are unique and have different names.
An example of a carbohydrate polymer
Starch or cellulose
Give two functions of lipids
long term energy, insulation, making hormones
How does an enzyme speed up a reaction?
Why do fish not freeze up in large lakes or rivers
Water has a high specific heat
The name of the monomer for proteins.
Amino acids.
An Example of a lipid
glycerol or phospholipid
Give two functions of nucleic acids
genetic material storage and copying, coding for proteins
List the three things that can affect an enzyme.
Temperature, pH, and inhibitors.
Why water is such a good solvent.
Because everything living requires it and the components of water easily dissolve
What nucleic acids are composed of.
They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous.
monomers of protein
amino acids
these types of category of lipids only have one bond in attaching the carbon to hydrogen in a long chain
saturated fats
Give the correct steps of enzyme action
Substrate binds to the enzyme’s active site.
The enzyme catalyzes (speeds up) a chemical reaction. ( The enzyme can pull apart 1 substrate or combine 2 substrates.)
The enzyme releases the substrate. The enzyme can be reused. It is not changed by the reaction.