Structure of Water
What is the chemical formula for water?
H2O
What element is the most abundant in the human body and a key component of water?
Oxygen
What are the four categories of macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids and proteins.
What enzyme is responsible for synthesizing new strands of DNA during replication?
DNA Polymerase
What category or macromolecule is made from monosaccharides and serve as energy storage and structural components?
Carbohydrates
What is the property of water that allows insects to walk on water?
Surface Tension
What sugar is the primary source of energy for cells in the body?
Glucose
What process uses water to break down macromolecules?
Hydrolysis
What type of RNA is synthesized in the nucleus and serves as a template for protein synthesis?
Messenger RNA
What is made from amino acids and have a vast array of functions?
Proteins
What property allows water to stick to itself?
Cohesion
What type of macromolecule includes enzymes and antibodies?
Proteins
What process involves the removal of water to form a bond between two monomers, creating a polymer?
Dehydration Synthesis
What process involves the conversion of mRNA into a polypeptide chain at the ribosome?
Translation
The enzyme is considered a _______ because it speeds up reactions.
Catalyst
What is water known for because it can dissolve many substances?
Universal Solvent
What process involves the conversion of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, which then directs protein synthesis?
Transcription
What type of lipid consists of a glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids and is a major form of energy storage in animals?
Triglycerides
What process involves the removal of introns and joining of exons in a pre-mRNA molecule?
RNA Splicing
What macromolecule serves as the main source of energy for most organisms?
Carbohydrates
What is the name for the attraction between water molecules and other substances?
Adhesion
What process occurs in the mitochondria and produces the majority of ATP in eukaryotic cells through oxidation of glucose?
Cellular Respiration
What polysaccharide is the primary structural component of plant cell walls and is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth?
Cellulose
Non-Coding regions
What structures of proteins is determined by the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain?
Primary Structure