Module 2
What is a mixture?
a combination of two or more pure substances where each substance retains its individual chemical properties
What is the smallest particle of matter that retains the properties of the element?
Atom
What are valence electrons?
What is another name for the columns in the periodic table called groups?
Families
Fill in the blank.
The of a wave is the wave's height from the origin to the crest/trough.
amplitude
What state of matter is a result of particles of gas becoming ionized and being broken apart into similarly charged particles?
Plasma
What are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons?
Isotopes
What is the full electron configuration of Strontium?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2
Fill in the blanks.
With the exception of , all of the elements on the left side of the periodic table are .
hydrogen, metals
What are highly reactive elements found in group 17?
Halogens
What technique for separating mixtures involves differences in boiling points of the substances involved?
Distillation
What is the definition of a nucleus?
A tiny, dense region in the center of the atom that contains most of its positive charge and mass.
Which of these types of radiation has the highest energy/frequency?
Radio, Infared, Gamma Rays, X Rays, Microwaves, Ultraviolet
Gamma Rays
When atoms lose electrons and form positively charged ions, do they become bigger or smaller?
Smaller
Define an ion.
An atom or a bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge
What is the equation to calculate the percent by mass?
Percent by Mass = (Mass of Element/Mass of compound) x100
What is the weighted average mass of the isotopes of an element?
Atomic mass
What is a quantum?
The minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom
What is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous lithium atom?
Ionization energy
What is the type of radiation that was deflected toward the positively charged plate?
Beta Radiation
What does the law of definite proportions say about the mass of a compound?
Mass of compound = sum of the masses of elements of the compound
Which ancient greek philosopher stated that the size, shape, and movement of atoms determine the properties of matter?
Democritus
For hydrogen's first four principal energy levels:
What is the total number of orbitals related to the principle energy level for the principle quantum number 4?
16
What are the four categories listed in Lavoisier's Table of Simple Substances?
Gases, Metals, Nonmetals, & Earths
Whose rule states that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with the opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals?
Hund's rule