Foundations of Chemistry
What is the SI base unit used to measure mass?
What is the kilogram?
What is a property of matter that is independent of the amount of substance present, such as density or melting point?
What is an intensive property?
This subatomic particle is found in the nucleus and has no electric charge.
What is a neutron?
What is the term for a massless particle that carries a quantum of energy and makes up light?
What is a photon?
What is the general name for any one vertical column on the periodic table?
What is a group (or family)?
This type of scientific statement explains why a phenomenon occurs and has been repeatedly supported by many experiments.
What is a theory?
This is a type of change where the substance's composition remains the same, such as boiling, freezing, or cutting a piece of paper.
What is a physical change?
What value, found on the periodic table, is equal to the number of protons and uniquely identifies an element?
What is the atomic number?
When an electron is at the lowest allowable energy state of an atom, it is said to be in this state.
What is the ground state?
These are the electrons in the highest, outermost principal energy level that largely determine an element's chemical properties.
What are valence electrons?
How many meters in 2 kilometers?
What is 2000 meters?
What is the term for a combination of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains its individual chemical properties and the composition is uniform throughout?
What is a homogeneous mixture (or solution)?
What term is used for atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons?
What are isotopes?
The distance between peaks of a wave and the number of waves that pass a point per second are properties that are related in this way.
What is inversely (or indirectly) related?
Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals and are located near the "stairstep" line on the periodic table.
What are metalloids?
How many significant figures are in the measurement 0.006080 meters?
What is 4?
What fundamental law of chemistry states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction?
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
Which famous experiment by Ernest Rutherford led to the conclusion that an atom is mostly empty space with a dense, positively charged nucleus?
What is the Gold Foil Experiment?
Which rule states that a maximum of two electrons can occupy a single atomic orbital, but only if the electrons have opposite spins?
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
This periodic trend describes the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom.
What is ionization energy?
Calculate the density in g/mL of a substance with a mass of 34.2 g and a volume of 3.0 mL, and state the answer with the correct number of significant figures
What is 11 g/mL? (34.2 g divided by 3.0 mL requires the answer to have two significant figures)
A substance that is made of two or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio, and can only be broken down by chemical means.
What is a compound?
What specific type of radioactive decay results in the mass number decreasing by 4 and the atomic number decreasing by 2?
What is alpha decay (or alpha radiation)?
Give the full ground-state electron configuration notation for a neutral atom of Oxygen (O). (Hint: Atomic Number is 8)
1s2 2s2 2p4
Describe the general trend for atomic radius as you move from left to right across a period.
What is the atomic radius decreases from left to right across a period?