Atoms, Elements and the Periodic Table
What term is given to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom?
Mass number
How many covalent bonds are formed between atoms in O2?
2
What product is formed when calcium is burnt with oxygen?
Calcium Oxide
What is ionic bonding?
An ionic bond forms when a metal atom donates one (or more) of its valence electrons to a non-metal atom.
This results with the metal atom becoming a positively charged cation, and the non-metal atom becoming a negatively charged anion.
Is water a solute, solvent or solution?
Solvent
What is period and block of phosphorous?
Period 3, p-block
What is a polar bond?
A covalent bond with an uneven distribution of bonding electrons. Polar bonds occur between atoms of different electronegativity.
What is metallic bonding?
Metallic bonding is the type of bonding that occurs between metals.
It involves the metal atoms losing their valence electrons and becoming a metal cation. The now delocalised electrons are free to move around the fixed, three dimensional lattice of metal cations.
Write the equation to show the formation of ions when sodium sulfide (Na2S) is dissolved in water.
Na2S(s) -> 2Na+(aq) + S2-(aq)
Polar compounds will dissolve _______ compounds.
Non-polar compounds will dissolve _______ compounds.
Polar
Non-polar
What is the electron configuration for Sulfur using the subshell configuration? (Long and Short Hand)
Long Hand: 1s22s22p63s23p4
Short Hand: [Ne]3s23p4
What does VSEPR stand for?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
List 3 common properties of most metals.
Dense, malleable/ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity, lustrous
Write an ionic equation for K3PO4 + MgSO4
3Mg2+ + 2PO43- -> Mg3(PO4)2 (s)
Describe the mobile and stationary phase of chromatography.
Mobile Phase - fluid flowing through a chromatography system that carries the sample over the stationary phase
Stationary Phase - solid onto which the components of a sample adsorb
What term describes the distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost electron shell?
Atomic Radius
How many covalent bonds are formed by each carbon atom in diamond and graphite?
Diamond: 4 covalent bonds (covalent network lattice)
Graphite: 3 covalent bonds (covalent layer lattice)
What is the difference between a linear economy and circular economy?
Linear Economy: A linear economy operates on a ‘take-make-dispose’ model, making use of resources to produce products that will be discarded after use
Circular economy: A continuous cycle that focuses on the optimal use and re-use of resources from the extraction of raw materials through to production of new materials, followed by consumption and re-purposing of unused and waste materials
The forces between the particles in ionic compounds are strong. What is a physical property of this ionic compound?
Ionic compounds have high melting points and are hard.
How do you calculate Rf of a chromatogram?
Rf = Distance of component from origin/Distance of solvent from origin
What is a critical element?
Elements that are heavily relied on for industry and society in areas such as renewable energy, electronics, food supply and medicine. Some are considered to be endangered, with their supplies running out in less than 100 years.
Define the following:
Dispersion Forces, Dipole-Dipole Attraction, Hydrogen Bonding
Dispersion Forces: the only forces keeping the non-polar molecules together. These are formed due to the ability of these molecules to form an instantaneous dipole.
Dipole-Dipole Attraction: Occurs between two polar molecules. Result from the attraction between the positive and negative ends of the polar molecules.
Hydrogen Bonding: Particularly strong form of Dipole-Dipole attraction, only occurring between Fluorine, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (remember H-FON!).
Explain using the idea of metallic bonding why metals are malleable.
Metal lattices have the same charges throughout the lattice, allowing for flexibility. This flexibility is facilitated by the ability of the delocalised electrons to move with the metal ions.
Write the formula equation for the formation of precipitate of NH4Cl + AgNO3.
NH4Cl(aq) + AgNO3 (aq) -> AgCl(s) + NH4+NO3 (aq)
If a blue component on a chromatogram has travelled 7cm and the solvent front has travelled 10cm, what is the Rf value of the blue component?
0.7