Culture and Speech Pathology
Name 5 aspects that make up a person's culture.
thought, communication, languages, beliefs, values, practices, customs, courtesies, rituals, manners of interacting, roles, relationships, and expected behaviors of a racial, ethnic, religious, social or political group
True or False: Neurodiversity is a condition that should be fixed so an individual can fit in better with their peers/community
FALSE
True or False: Social determinants of health are medical factors that impact the health and wellbeing of a child
FALSE
Name the 4 kinds of Cerebral Palsy.
Spastic, Ataxic, Dyskinetic, and mixed.
What makes up the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
In Hofstede's Culture Ratings, with does Power Distance Index (PDI) refer to?
power distance index considers the extent to which inequality and power are tolerated.
For example, in countries with high power distance, parents may expect children to obey without questioning their authority. Conversely in countries with low power distance there tends to be more equality between parents and children, with parents more likely to accept children arguing or challenging their authority.
This model often focuses on identifying the cause of the condition and developing interventions to remediate or eliminate symptoms
The Medical Model
Name three social determinants of health
Damage to the cerebellum leads to ataxic CP. What kind of CP is related to damage in the pyramidal tracts?
Spastic
What is a result of incomplete closure of the neural tube that connects the brain and spinal cord?
Spina bifida
Explain why language and culture are so "intimately bound together"
Language is the modality of expressing and transmitting one's culture. It is how culture is passed down, how it evolves, and how it is accepted by others.
Todd doesn't prefer to sit at his desk during a school day. Mrs. Gohler gives Todd an option to sit in a wiggly chair or a bean bag chair that are more preferred to Todd during working activities. Do Mrs. Gohler's actions reflect a medical-based model or a strengths-based model.
Strengths-based approach
True or False: A social determinant of health can impact a child's physical health later
TRUE
What is the motor disorder characterized by disturbed muscle control resulting from damage to the central or peripheral nervous system or to the speech musculature. This disorder affects respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, or prosody and can result in paralysis, decreased range, force, intelligibility, timing and regulation of speech muscles
Dysarthria
Which part of the brain stem is responsible for controlling breathing and sleeping in an unconscious state? (like sleeping)
Pons
Why is being sensitive to a person or family's culture important?
It is important in order to maintain respect, have buy-in from the family, and address goals that are important to the family
A strengths-based approach shifts focus away from _________ and towards _____________.
1. deficits
2. abilities
What is a term for the cumulative burden of chronic stress and life events
Allostatic load
If language deficits are not a result of the neural damage associated with the development of CP, why might these children have language deficits.
Children in prelinguistic stage may not interact with parents the way a parent is expecting à leads to frustration and limited interactions.
Lack of language reciprocity leads to limited language exposure needed for language development.
During the third week of embryo development, there is incomplete closure of the neural tube, in which three layers that protect the spinal cord are protruded, but the spinal cord remains in tact. Which disorder occurs as a result?
Meningocele (meningeal cyst)
Define Ableism
frames disability as “a diminished state of being human.”- something is wrong with how you are doing something or how you behave, so I must fix it
Jade is 6 years old with an ASD diagnosis. She uses many words on her AAC system and some spoken words. She follows routines, and can sit with the group for activities, but often doesn't participate. Rewrite the following goal to be neurodiversity-affirming:
Jade will make a verbal request to the teacher when given a verbal prompt (e.g., "Remember to use your words") in 4 out of 5 opportunities across a school day.
Given access to her AAC, Jade will make a request using a preferred modality (e.g., AAC, speech, symbols) in 4 out of 5 opportunities across a school day.
As an SLP, why is it important to understand the determinants that could be impacting a child's well being?
They will not make progress in their communication if social determinants are not addressed
OR
People from varying cultures may experience social determinants of health that impact communication later
In order to best serve a child with CP, what should you always consider when assessing and treating the child?
mobility and ability to participate in the assessment, motor skills for AAC, visual and hearing deficits.
Name the six cranial nerves responsible for communication and swallowing
1. Trigeminal nerve
2. Facial nerve
3. Vestibular nerve
4. Glossopharyngeal nerve
5. Vague nerve
6. Hypoglossal nerve