Cellular Transport
In passive transport, molecules move ____________
What are the two ways to think about osmosis?
2. Think about water always moving to wherever there is more solutes (solutes would be sodium, potassium, glucose, etc)
What is the function of the cell membrane?
To serve as a selectively permeable barrier. This means it keeps certain molecules in, certain molecules out, and allows certain ones to pass.
What are the end products of glycolysis?
Pyruvate, ATP, and NADH
Send up one person from your team to write out the reaction of ATP breakdown and ATP synthesis.
Check the board
ATP -> ADP + Pi + Energy
ADP + Pi + Energy -> ATP
In active transport, molecules move ________. Also, what protein is used for active transport?
From a low concentration (low molecule number) to a high concentration (high molecule number).
A pump, duh
What is the name of the protein that water moves through? If this is the case, what type of transport is osmosis technically?
It is an aquaporin, therefore it is facilitated diffusion
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesis of steroid hormones, triglycerides, and storage of calcium or other organ-specific enzymes.
Pyruvate!
What are the names of Carter's cats?
What are the 2 different types of passive transport? What is one similarity between them and one key difference?
Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion. Both rely on a concentration gradient to move molecules but facilitated requires a transmembrane protein.
In what scenario is the movement of water active?
NONE, it is always passive.
Which organelle acts to degrade things in the cell?
The lysosome!
What is important about consuming carbohydrates?
They give us quick ATP production through glycolysis and also the TCA cycle molecules are derived from carbohydrates, so we need to have those around to keep that running.
What is Carter's social security number? JK if someone knows that we need to talk.
What are the names of Carter's nieces and nephews
Joshy and Eva June
Henry and Lucy
We mentioned several examples for different types of cellular transport. What type of transport do the following molecules use?
O2
CO2
Glucose
O2- passive diffusion
CO2- passive diffusion
Glucose- would accept facilitated or secondary active transport
Name 4 molecules that can influence water movement in the body?
Potassium, Sodium, Glucose, Calcium, Creatine, Etc.
What would happen if a cell lost its mitochondria?
This is an abstract thought that we have not explicitly discussed. But let's see what you think!
So much stuff would happen. We would lose much of our ATP production so the cell would have to shift to more anaerobic ATP production which would also mean we would see more lactate.
What is the final step in ATP production in the electron transport chain? Also, what places from metabolism to do we use oxygen, specifically? Hint: CO2
We use O2 to make CO2 in the TCA cycle. We use oxygen to accept the final electron in the ETC to make H2O and ATP!
What month was Carter's son born?
June 2025!
Explain how secondary active transport works using the specific example we discussed in lecture. Tell me about a business that could use secondary active transport to make cash
This is gatorade, liquid IV, pedialyte, but not body armor
I have a hypertonic solution. If I drop a red blood cell into a hypertonic solution, what would happen? How would you describe the relationship between a hypertonic solution and a red blood cell?
If a red blood cell is dropped into a hypertonic solution, the solution would draw water out of the cell. This would cause the cell to shrink and eventually lose function.
A hypertonic solution is a solution that contains more solutes in the solution compared to the cell
The cytoskeleton of the cell provides 3 main functions that we pointed out. What were they?
Structure support
Railroad tracks for transporting molecules around the cell
Muscle contraction!
That would be H+! It accumulates during the breakdown of ATP and the accumulation of H+ makes the muscles more acidic. It is also Carter's middle name
What was the ingredient found in C4 energy drinks that may make you itchy? How should one take it?
Beta alanine!
You need to take it daily for effects