DNA & DNA HISTORY
This person established that the % of A's = the % T's. (same with C and G's)
Who is Erwin Chargaff?
What is the fist step in DNA Replication?
Topoisomerase unwinds the DNA.
The three main stages of transcription.
What are initiation, elongation, and termination?
What type of Codons are not translated into amino acids?
What is a stop codon?
This type of mutation prematurely stops the protein.
What is a nonsense mutation?
This type of bond hold together the sugar=phosphate backbone/
What is a covalent bond?
DNA polymerase ensures accuracy by doing this to incorrectly paired bases.
What is proofreading
These noncoding regions are removed from pre-mRNA during splicing.
What are introns?
If there is no AUG, what will happen
No protein will be made
This mutation changed the codon triplet but still codes for the same amino acid.
What is a silent mutation?
How many rings do T and C have.
What is a single ring?
DNA replication is described as this type of process because each new double helix contains one old strand and one new strand.
What is semi-conservative?
In transcription, A in DNA pairs with this base in RNA.
What is uracil (U)?
This holds the anti-codon
What is tRNA?
This mutation changes the amino acid and the codon reading.
What is a missense mutation?
Pyrimidine has how many rings?
What is one ring
These short fragments are formed on the lagging strand.
What are Okazaki fragments?
If the DNA template strand reads 3’-TAC GGA TTA-5’, the RNA transcript will read this.
What is 5’-AUG CCU AAU-3’?
If a tRNA brings methionine, the codon on the mRNA must have been this.
What is AUG (the start codon)?
DNA: ATT. TAG. CCC. GGT
Will a protein be made from this sequence?
What is no, there is no AUG to even start a protein once you transcribe it to RNA
One function of DNA
-organismal growth
-genetic information being passed
-wound repair
-involved in making proteins
The enzyme ______ breaks the ______ hydrogen bonds to separate the two strands.
What is helicase & weak?
Explain why Transcription is important to make Protein.
In Transcription, the mRNA is made in order to be used as the template strand in Translation to make the protein.
If a researcher adds a chemical that blocks the large ribosomal subunit, this process will fail to occur.
what is protein synthesis?
Normal: AUG. GGG. GGC
Mutated: AUG GGG.
Is this a framshift and what kind of mutation is this?
What is no and a deletion mutation?