Descent with Modification
The process by which organisms with inherited traits that improve survival and reproduction leave more offspring is called this.
What is natural selection?
The total collection of genes in a population at a specific time is called this.
According to this species concept, a species is a group of populations whose members can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring.
What is the biological species concept?
The preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms found in sedimentary rock are called these.
What are fossils?
RR is the dominant genotype for red hair. The allele that represent red hair is this.
What is R?
Darwin used this term to describe the idea that modern species descended from ancestral species while accumulating changes over time.
What is descent with modification?
Random changes in allele frequencies are especially influential in small populations and are known by this term.
What is genetic drift?
Differences in mating behaviors, timing, or habitat that prevent reproduction before fertilization are examples of these barriers.
What are prezygotic barriers?
Scientists use the predictable decay of radioactive isotopes to determine the numerical age of rocks and fossils through this method.
What is p + q = 1?
This type of selection occurs when humans choose which organisms reproduce, such as breeding dogs for specific traits.
What is artificial selection?
When a population’s size is drastically reduced by an environmental event, causing random changes in allele frequencies, this type of genetic drift can occur.
Gene flow is interrupted when a population is divided into geographically isolated subpopulations.
Geographic separation that prevents populations from mating and exchanging genes can lead to this type of speciation.
What is allopatric speciation?
This event occurs when a large percentage of Earth’s species become extinct over a relatively short period of geologic time.
In a population in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the recessive genotype 'rr' is 25, making the frequency for the recessive 'r' allele this.
What is 5?
The similar bone structures in a human arm, bat wing, and whale flipper are examples of these, which indicate common ancestry.
What are homologous structures?
When a few individuals establish a new population, the resulting change in allele frequencies is called this type of genetic drift.
What is the founder effect?
This type of speciation occurs without geographic separation, often because of ecological differences, sexual selection, or chromosome changes.
What is sympatric speciation?
The rapid evolution of many species from a common ancestor as they adapt to different environments is known as this.
What is adaptive radiation?
In a population in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, 36% of individuals are homozygous recessive. The frequency of the recessive allele is 0.6, making the dominant allele frequency this.
What is 0.4?
This principle explains why unrelated species may independently evolve similar traits when exposed to similar environmental pressures.
What is convergent evolution?
This form of natural selection occurs when the fitness of a phenotype depends on how common or rare it is in a population.
What is the frequency-dependent selection?
The formation of a new species through chromosome-number changes, especially in plants, is called this process.
What is polyploidy?
This theory proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
The frequency of the p allele is 2. The frequency of the q allele is 3. The frequency of the heterozygous genotype is this.
What is 12? (Hint: 2pq)