Ethics
What is a virtue?
a habit of doing good.
What moral theory claims that there are "no universal truths"?
Relativism
What is the Greek word for 'Final Purpose'?
Telos
What's one major difference between Kant and Aristotle?
Kant says in order to be good we must purge ourselves of any personal bias to attain a 'good will'.
What helps form a person's character?
our decisions, actions, and habits
What determines our character and the type of person we become?
Our decisions, actions, and habits.
What does Aristotle say is our final purpose?
Happiness or Eudamonia.
What is a Difference between the moral theory purposed by Kant and Relativism?
Relativism says that we can't make moral judgments about people outside of their own context.
Kant says that there is a clear way to achieve a 'goodwill' BASED ON REASON.
What did Aristotle identify as the defining factor of humans?
'Rational Activity' our ability to think, create, reason etc.
What would Kant say is the most important factor of our decisions in order to be good?
the INTENT of our actions.
What does Kant say is our final purpose?
What is a similarity between Relativism & Utilitarianism?
Utilitarianism uses the consequences of our actions to judge their morality, which ultimately leads to a relativistic way of looking at the world.
What is Hedonism?
Who said that "virtue is the same thing as a person's character"?
Aristotle
What does Utilitarianism say is our final purpose?
Pleasure(happiness) and the absence of pain.
What is a similarity between Utilitarianism and Aristotle?
They both say that our final purpose is happiness. (although they define it differently)
A virtue is in between 2 vices: one is a vice of excess (too much) and one is a vice of defect (too little) and we want to aim for the balance between them!
What is Utilitarianism's main moral claim?
That we should do whatever it takes to create the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people possible.
What does Relativism say is our final purpose?
N/A. Relativism says there are NO universal truths, so there is no final purpose that everyone can share.
What's a difference between Kant and Utilitarianism?
Kant focuses on the intent of our actions, whereas Utilitarianism focuses on the consequences of our actions.