ALL ABOUT THE HEART
RHYTHMS
LABS & DIAGNOSTICS
MEDS
MISC
100
Name the 4 heart valves.
What is tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, and aortic?
100
Identify this cardiac rhythm:
What is atrial flutter?
100
Assess for this allergy before sending a patient for a cardiac catherization.
What is IV dye, iodine, shellfish?
100
Patient education for proper administration of SL nitroglycerin.
What is 1 tablet every 5 minutes and call EMS if pain is unchanged or worsens after 5 minutes? If symptoms significantly improve by 1 dose of ntg- continue ntg every 5 minutes & call EMS if symptoms have not resolved completely.
100
Name 3 types of cardiomyopathy.
What is dilated, hypertrophic, & restrictive?
200
The normal heart conduction through the heart. Name the intrinsic heart rate of each.
What is SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers?
Intrinsic rates: SA node= 60-100 bpm, AV node= 40-60 bpm, & Bundle of His/Purkinje fibers=20-40 bpm.
200
This cardiac rhythm originates in the SA node, is a regular rhythm, and has a P wave before every QRS complex. The QRS complex is normal. The rate is 135. The patient is complaining of pain that is rated as 8/10. What rhythm best meets this description?
What is Sinus Tachycardia?
200
Explain why an echocardiogram is used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation.
What is identification of thrombus?
200
This condition requires the use of prophylactic antibiotics.
What is Infective Endocarditis?
200
Difference between cardioversion & defibrillation.
What is cardioversion is used to treat VT with pulse, PSVT, & Afib w/ RVR- must be synched. Patient may need sedation. Lower joules used. Defibrillatiion is used to treat VF & pulseless VT. Used with CPR. Higher joules. "I'm clear- you're clear- we're all clear."
300
Modifiable risk factors associated with development of myocardial infarction.
What are hypertension, elevated serum lipids, tobacco use, physical inactivity, psychologic state, obesity, and diabetes?
300
Describe how you would treat this rhythm.
What is identify precipitating causes. If patient has a pulse and is stable- IV meds (procainamide, sotalol, amiodarone, lidocaine). If patient has a pulse and is unstable- IV amiodarone or lidocaine and cardioversion. If patient does not have a pulse- CPR, defibrillation, IV epinephrine and amiodarone.
300
3 labs used to diagnose a MI
What is CK-MB, troponin, & myoglobin?
300
Discuss how beta-blockers are used in the treatment of a MI.
What is to decrease myocardial oxygen demand by reducing HR, BP, and contractility?
300
Name 2 complications of acute pericarditis.
What is pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade?
400
Name 3 potential complications of a MI.
What is Dysrhythmias, Heart Failure, Cardiogenic Shock, Papillary Muscle Dysfunction, Ventricular Aneurysm, Pericarditis, & Dressler Syndrome?
400
Identify this cardiac rhythm and it's treatment.
What is Second-Degree AV block, Type 1? Treatment: if symptomatic- atropine to increase HR or temporary pacemaker; if asymptomatic- observe closely and have pacemaker on standby.
400
Therapeutic INR levels for treatment of atrial fibrillation and valve replacement.
What is Atrial fibrillation= 2-3 & Valve replacement= 2.5-3.5?
400
Medication used in the treatment of PSVT.
What is adenosine?
400
EKG changes associated with MI.
What is pathologic Q wave, ST segment elevation, & T wave inversion?
500
Name 3 clinical manifestations of Mitral Valve Regurgitation.
What is Acute= generally poorly tolerated- new systolic murmur with pulmonary edema & cardiogenic shock developing rapidly; Chronic= weakness, fatigue, exertional dyspnea, palpitations, S3 heart sound, murmur?
500
Identify this cardiac rhythm. There is no mechanical heart activity and the patient does not have a pulse.
What is Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)?
500
Normal values for cardiac enzymes.
What is see Table 32-6 on page 699.
500
Medication that must be used with caution in patients with Aortic Valve Stenosis.
What is nitroglycerin? NTG may cause a significant drop in blood pressure and may worsen chest pain.
500
3 clinical manifestations of infective endocarditis.
What is low-grade fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, anorexia, splinter hemorrhages, Janeway's lesions, Osler's nodes, & murmur?