concepts of health and disease
This type of disease course is fast onset and short duration.
What is acute?
This cellular adaptation is a decrease in cell size caused by disuse or ischemia.
What is atrophy?
This imbalance is caused by caused by renal failure, excessive intake, or shifts from ICF → ECF due to acidosis.
What is hyperkalemia?
This disorder results from hypoventilation and causes high CO₂ levels.
What is respiratory acidosis?
The RAAS system is primarily activated by this change in the body.
What is decreased blood pressure or decreased renal perfusion?
“Feeling tired” is an example of this type of clinical information.
What is a symptom?
This adaptation is an increase in cell size, as seen in LVH from hypertension.
What is hypertrophy?
This electrolyte imbalance is typically due to kidney disease, vitamin D deficiency, or hypoparathyroidism.
What is hypocalcemia?
Anxiety, pain, or fever can trigger this acid–base change.
What is respiratory alkalosis?
Constriction of this raises blood pressure in the RAAS response.
What are blood vessels?
A disease with no identifiable cause is classified with this term.
What is idiopathic?
This adaptation is an increase in the number of cells, like warts or endometrial thickening.
What is hyperplasia?
This electrolyte imbalance is famous for causing cardiac standstill if severe.
What is hyperkalemia?
Kussmaul respirations are the compensatory mechanism for this pH imbalance.
What is metabolic acidosis?
This hormone works at the distal nephron to increase sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.
What is aldosterone?
This term describes an infection acquired in the hospital, often from contaminated equipment or poor hand hygiene.
What is a nosocomial infection?
This reversible change replaces one cell type with another (e.g., smokers’ airway cells).
What is metaplasia?
This imbalance can cause abdominal cramping, orthostatic hypotension, and confusion.
What is hyponatremia?
Vomiting, diuretics, or gastric suction cause this disturbance.
What is metabolic alkalosis?
Through aldosterone's action on the kidneys, this electrolyte is retained, increasing blood volume and BP.
What is sodium?
This term refers specifically to treatment-caused harm, such as a UTI from improper catheter insertion.
What is an iatrogenic infection?
UV light and ionizing radiation cause this type of cellular injury.
What is radiation injury?
This electrolyte imbalance is most commonly caused by hyperparathyroidism and cancer.
What is hypercalcemia?
Opiates, COPD, or pneumonia commonly lead to this acid–base problem.
What is respiratory acidosis?
This is the overall purpose of the RAAS system in the body.
What is to maintain blood pressure and fluid balance?