First Peoples and Vikings
First known European to reach North America?
Leif Erikson
First European to explore Canada in 1497
John Cabot
The Beaver
Father of "New France"
Samuel de Champlain
The control and exploitation of a territory through settlement
Colonialism
Land bridge early peoples are believed to have crossed into North America?
Bering Land Bridge
Main goal of Cartier's first voyage
To find the Northwest Passage
Metis
Mariner who was mutineed and left for dead after discovering several significant bodies of water.
Henry Hudson
Economic theory where nations sought to increase wealth by controlling trade and accumulating resources
Mercantilism
How did the arrival of Europeans impact Indigenous ways of life?
Introduced new trade goods but also diseases, land loss, and disruptions to traditional economies.
Latin term meaning "land belonging to no one." European colonizers used this concept to justify claiming lands in North America.
Terra Nullius
Fur Trading company; British backed and formed in 1670. Monopolized Rupert's Land.
Hudson's Bay Company (HBC)
"Runners of the Woods' who were fur trappers and endured harsh conditions to retrieve them.
A feudal land system where large plots of land were divided among seigneurs (landlords).
The Seignural System
Name of the Viking settlement in Newfoundland?
L’Anse aux Meadows
Governing body of the colonies of New France, consisting of the Governor, Intendant, and Bishop.
Rival of the HBC. Composed of French, Scots, American Loyalists.
The Northwest Company
Women sent to New France to help increase the population
Les Filles du Rois
1713 Treaty that ended the War of Spanish Succession and greatly reduced French territory in North America.
The Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
Reasons that Vikings didn't establish permanent settlements in Canada?
Hostility from Indigenous groups and lack of strong support from their homeland
Missionaries who lived among the First Nations, trying to covert them to Christianity
The Jesuits
French Canadian fur trader who transported goods and furs by canoe or on foot.
Voyageurs
Group of people who were expelled from New France and settled as far south as Louisiana.
The Acadians
1763 Treaty following the Seven Years' War that further reduced France's territory in NA. The Treaty did not consult of recognize Indigenous population.
Treaty of Paris (1763)