Ideas and Principles
European intellectual movement in the 18th Century that influenced the American framers of the Constitution
Enlightenment
The Enlightenment ideas of popular sovereignty, social contract, and natural rights are found in the...
Declaration of Independence
Name of the compromise that decided how slaves would be counted towards a state's population.
3/5s compromise
This Bill of Rights Amendment states that all powers not specifically given to the federal government is retained by the states
10th Amendment
This Amendment empowers the federal government to make sure citizens’ liberties are also being upheld and protected by the states through the selective incorporation process
14th Amendment
Natural Rights Guy
John Locke
an abstract agreement that people make as a society that individuals are willing to give up some power to the government in order for the government to protect their rights
Social Contract
First government of the United States where federal government was very weak. The state governments were strong. This is in reaction to living under the tyranny of a Monarchy for so long.
Articles of Confederation
Name of the compromise that created a Bicameral Congress: House of Representatives based on Population; Senate would be Equal Representation
Great Compromise
powers that are specifically given to the federal government and found in the Constitution
Exclusive or ennumerated
DAILY DOUBLE! This clause impacts federalism because it allows the federal government to regulate business that flows between the states, and has been widely used to justify federal actions
Commerce Clause
Federalist, Factions Guy, Future President, Tiny Human
James Madison
DAILY DOUBLE! theoretical society before humans created governments where humans were free and needed their rights protected
State of Nature
Federalist 10 argues for a pluralist model of democracy in that many competing __________ in a large republic will uphold liberty because of competition
factions
V (5)
powers that are kept by the states as stated in the 10th Amendment
Reserved Powers
This clause impacts federalism because it states that when the state and the federal government conflicted, federal law will always trump state law
supremacy Clause
Anti-Fed nom de plume
Brutus
type of democracy that emphasizes more limited participation in policy making on the assumption that government is complicated and therefore the most educated people need to run it. Example: Electoral College
Elite Democracy
Quote from DofI: “That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men…” This quote exemplifies which Enlightenment idea?
social contract
Explain one of the options for the proposal of an amendment
2/3 vote of proposal from Congress or 2/3 vote at a National convention called by state legislatures.
DAILY DOUBLE! powers that are shared by both the federal and state governments.
Concurrent
This "gun" SCOTUS case is not really about guns, but instead a battle that shifted power to the states away the federal government.
US v. Lopez
Federalist, Fed 78 and a bunch others author, Future Broadway Star and Aaron Burr victim
Alexander Hamilton
a model of democracy that emphasizes broad participation in the political process by most, if not all, members of a society
participatory democracy
This contitutional clause allows Congress to make any other law that is needed to complete their jobs listed as exclusive powers in the Constitution.
The anti-Feds were not a fan.
necessary and proper clause
Explain one of the options for ratification of a proposed amendment.
3/4 of state legislatures vote to approve the amendment (38/50 states)
3/4 of state's approve the amendment at state conventions
power shared primarily through money, which is the most common example of federalism in action
fiscal federalism
What is the difference between funded and unfunded mandates?
Funded - Directives that require state compliance and the federal government sets rules and provides funding
Unfunded -Directives that require state compliance but the federal government no funding
State of Nature Guy
Thomas Hobbes
model of democracy is present primarily when citizens join interest groups like the NAACP or NRA.
Pluralist
Quote from the DofI: “...deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed…” exemplifies which Enlightenment idea?
popular sovereignty
This insurrection made the colonies know it was time to move on from the Articles of Confederation.
Shays' Rebellion
process of returning power to the states and away from the federal government
devolution
What is the difference between Block and Categorical Grants?
Block - money given for a broad purpose
Categorical - money given for a very specific purpose.
State and local governments prefer BLOCK grants over CATEGORICAL
Separation of Powers guy
Montesquieu