Ancient Greece
What type of government did Athens develop that influenced the U.S.?
Democracy
What was the Roman Republic?
A government where citizens elect leaders
What civilization is known for building Machu Picchu?
Inca
What major sea lies between Greece and Rome?
The Mediterranean Sea
Define “democracy.”
Government by the people
What was the name of the war between Athens and Sparta?
The Peloponnesian War
Who were the patricians and plebeians?
Patricians = wealthy upper class; Plebeians = commoners
What type of farming did the Maya use in rainforests?
Slash-and-burn agriculture
How did mountains impact ancient Greek city-states?
They separated them, leading to independent city-states
Define “republic.”
A government where leaders are elected by citizens
How were boys in Sparta raised differently from those in Athens?
Sparta focused on military training; Athens focused on academics.
What were the Twelve Tables?
Rome's first written laws
Which civilization used chinampas (floating gardens)?
Aztecs
How did geography help protect Rome from invaders?
Mountains and seas acted as natural barriers
What does “cultural legacy” mean?
Ideas and contributions passed down through history
Name a major Greek achievement in architecture.
The Parthenon or use of columns
What title did Octavian take when he became Rome’s first emperor?
Augustus
What were quipus and which group used them?
A system of record-keeping with knots used by the Inca
What type of environment did the Aztecs adapt to?
Swampy land with little farmland (Lake Texcoco)
What is a “primary source”?
A document or object from the time being studied
What was the main purpose of the Delian League?
To unite Greek city-states against Persia
What was the main reason for the fall of the Western Roman Empire?
Weak leadership, invasions, and economic troubles
What was the purpose of the Mayan ball game?
Religious and ceremonial significance
What is terrace farming and where was it used?
Farming on mountain slopes; used by the Inca
What does “polytheism” mean and who practiced it?
Belief in many gods; practiced by Greeks, Romans, and Mesoamericans