Justice Systems
People or systems that investigate and stop rule-breaking.
What is LAW ENFORCEMENT?
The least serious type of crime. It typically refers to a minor violation of the law that does not carry jail time.
What are INFRACTIONS?
A written law passed by a legislature. Also call “acts”.
What are STATUTES?
This code is famous for its principle of "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth," reflecting a system of retributive justice.
The state of being confined in a jail, prison, or other correctional facility
What is INCARCERATION or INCAPACITATION?
People or processes that decide if someone is guilty and what the outcome should be.
What are COURTS?
A mid-level crime that can lead to criminal charges and may result in fines, community service, probation, or jail time.
What are MISDEMEANORS?
This type of law comes from judicial decistions.
What is CASE LAW?
This document laid the foundation for individual rights and liberties, influencing later legal systems in England and the United States.
What is MAGNA CARTA?
Offenders were placed in the town square for public ridicule. The townspeople would throw food or shout insults at the offender.
What is STOCKS AND PILLORY or HUMILIATION.
Consequences or actions taken to hold someone accountable or help them improve
What are CORRECTIONS?
NOT WEARING A SEATBELT while driving is an example of this type of crime.
What is AN INFRACTION?
This written document defines the structure of the government, its powers and duties, and the rights of the people.
What is a CONSTITUTION?
These are the first ten amendments.
What is the BILL OF RIGHTS?
The use of hot irons or cutting of body parts.
What is BRANDING and MUTILATION?
The idea of preventing crime by instilling fear of punishment. It aims to discourage individuals (or the public) from committing crimes because of the consequences.
What is DETERRENCE?
This type of crime involves significant harm to people or property, and it carries severe legal consequences.
What are FELONIES?
Refers to the "guilty act," or the physical act of committing the crime.
What is ACTUS REUS?
This amendment protects an individual from self-incrimination.
What is the FIFTH AMENDMENT?
This type of punishment was used to extract confessions. The Iron Maiden, breaking wheel, and thumbscrews are some examples.
What is TORTURE?
Focuses on reforming the offender so they can return to society as a law-abiding citizen. It aims to treat the root causes of criminal behavior.
What is REHABILITATION?
GRAND THEFT AUTO is an example of this type of crime.
What is a FELONY?
Refers to the "guilty mind," or the mental state of the defendant at the time of the crime.
What is MENS REA?
The ethical, philosophical idea that people are to be treated impartially, fairly, properly, and reasonably by the law.
What is CRIMINAL JUSTICE?
The use of physical force to inflict pain as a form of discipline. Examples include spanking or hitting with an object.
What is CORPORAL PUNISHMENT?