Unit #1- Foundations of Government AP Gov. Review

Enlightenment Philosophies

100

Who argued that humans left to their own devices will lead to violence and chaos ensuing?

Thomas Hobbes

200

This enlightenment thinker believed in life, liberty, and property were natural rights. 

John Locke

300

This enlightenment thinker advocated for separation of power into 3 branches of government. 

Charles de Montesquieu

400

This thinker argued in The Social Contract that only good government was one that was freely formed with the consent of the people. 

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

500

This notion that the authority of a government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives. 

popular sovereignty 

Articles of Confederation

100

The articles of government set up what type of government system?

Federalism

200

This event led to people decided the Articles of Confederation needed to be adjusted

Shays' Rebellion

300

Name 3 weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

Answers may vary 

400

The meeting to revise the Articles of Confederation and make changes to the document was called the.... 

Constitutional Convention

500

What is one major change they made to the Articles of Confederation when making the U.S. Constitution?

Answers will vary

Creating a Government

100

This created the a bicameral (two-house) legislature with a House of Representatives, based on population, and a Senate with equal representation for all states. 

The Great (or "Connecticut") Compromise

200

These were the supporter of the constitution and believed in a strong central government

The Federalist

300

These are the first 10 Amendments to the constitution

Bill of Rights

400

This document stated that republics are the best type of government protecting minority factions from majority rule

Federalist No. 10

500

Name one Federalist paper (other than Federalist 10) and provide 1 argument it makes. 

Federalist 51

Federalist 70

Federalist 78

The Constitution

100

This clause in the Constitution allows Congress to "make all laws" that appear "necessary and proper" to implement its delegated powers (what are both names of this clause)

Necessary and Proper Clause and Elastic Clause

200

These powers are those specifically given to the national/ federal government. List 2 of these powers

Enumerated Powers (printing money, regulating interstate and international trade, making treaties, and declaring war)

300

These powers are those set aside for the states and protected under the 10th Amendment in the Constitution

Reserved Powers

400

This clause requires conflicts between federal law and state law to be resolved in favor of federal law. 

Supremacy Clause

500

Describe what categorical and block grants are and give an example of each

Categorical Grants (aide with strict provisions from the federal government on how it may be spent--> Medicaid, Food Stamp Program, and Head Start)

Block Grants permit the state to experiment and use the money as they see fit ( Temporary assistance for needy families, etc.)

Amendments

100

This amendment protects against illegal searches of property without a warrant or probable cause

The 4th Amendment

200

This amendment establishes due process of the law, protects against double jeopardy and self-incrimination 

The 5th Amendment

300

What does the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendment protect?

13th- Ends Slavery

14th- Equal Protection Clause and Due Process to all 

15th- Granted voting rights to males of all races

400

This amendment limits the president to two terms

22nd Amendment

500

What rights are protected under the 1st Amendment?

Religion, Assembly, Petition, Press, and Speech