Pioneers of Sociology
Father of Sociology
Who is August Comte?
The shared, overarching rules of conduct in a culture
What are norms?
An educated guess about how two or more things are related
Objects that are important to a culture
What are artifacts?
A society's shared goals, values, norms, language, customs, traditions, and practices
What is culture?
Developed the theory of Social Darwinism
Who is Herbert Spencer?
The beliefs and ideas that are considered important to a culture
What are values?
The part of an experiment that you can control/manipulate
What are independent variables?
The tendency to judge cultures based on your own cultural values
What is ethnocentrism?
A group that is part of the dominant culture but differs drastically from it in some important respects
What is subculture?
His economic theory of conflict emphasized that class struggle leads to revolution
Who is Karl Marx?
The customs, norms, and behaviors that are acceptable to a society or group
What are mores?
form of research that is and in depth study on a society including interviews, looking at local records, deciding to live with the society for an extended period of time
What are case studies?
A culture's collection of written symbols, sounds, and gestures
What is language?
A function of society that is unintended and unrecognized
What is a latent function?
Considered the founder of social work and created Hull House to provide for low income families/immigrants in Chicago
Who is Jane Addams?
Ways that people move their bodies to communicate ideas
What is body language?
Sociological perspective that believes all aspects of society serve a purpose and in general, society is stable and self-regulating
What is functionalist perspective?
the belief that language can alter or shape cultures
What is correlation?
Believed a person who killed himself for the good of his society committed an altruistic suicide
What is Emile Durkheim?
Looking at another culture through the norms of one's own culture; makes it hard for a society to change
What is ethnocentrism?
Samples that help draw sociological generalizations
What are representative samples?
cutting in front of people in line for a bus and getting booed is violating ____________
What are folkways?
The idea that sociologists need to view society and individual actions as intertwined and look for social explanations