Chemistry
What determines how many bonds an atom can form?
Valence Electrons
Cells without a nucleus are called what?
Prokaryotes
What does active transport require?
ATP
Movement from high to low concentration is called what?
Diffusion
monomers of protein
amino acids
An atom with atomic number 9 forms how many covalent bonds?
1
Why are smaller cells more efficient at transporting substances in and out of a cell, compared to larger cells
Better SA/V ratio
Cell eating large particles is called what?
phagocytosis
Diffusion of water is called what?
osmosis
Reaction that breaks polymers into monomers
hydrolysis
What type of bond causes water’s cohesion?
Hydrogen bond
Name 3 differences between plant and animal cells.
cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
What term describes water moving into or out of a cell by osmosis?
tonicity
What process moves liquids into the cell?
Pinocytosis
What macromolecule forms enzymes and builds cell structures?
Protein
What type of bond forms between atoms with a large difference in electronegativity?
Ionic
Which organelle modifies and packages proteins for export?
Golgi
What type of diffusion uses carrier proteins but no ATP?
Facilitated Diffusion
Which membrane region acts as a barrier to most polar molecules?
hydrophobic tails
Which macromolecule’s monomer contains both an amino and a carboxyl group?
protein
What type of bond connects amino acids in a protein chain?
Peptide Bond
What provides internal support and helps move organelles in a cell?
Cytoskeleton
Water moves from ______ solute concentration to ______ solute concentration.
Low to High
What direction does water move in a hypertonic environment?
out of the cell
Which macromolecule contains C, H, O, N, and P?
Nucleic Acids