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What does stress diathesis theory suggest and how is the name of theorist
A psychological model to explain how stress caused by life events (nurture) can interact with an individual's genetic vulnerability (nature) to impact on mental well-being
Munroe/ Meehl
A substance that contaminates something such as air or water and may make it unsafe
Pollutant
What is the difference between primary and secondary socialisation
Primary socialisation - learning norms and values within the family unit
Secondary socialisation- learning norms and values outside the family unit e.g. education/ media
Name two predictable life events AND two unpredictable life events
Predictable: marriage, starting employment, parenthood, starting school, retirement
Unpredictable: Redundancy, illness, injury, bereavement/death, divorce accident
Identify three physical effects of ageing
increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease, , degeneration of the nervous tissue, osteoarthritis, degeneration of the sense organs, reduced absorption of nutrients, dementia , Alzheimer's disease, loss of melanin, increase skin elasticity
(Not accepting wrinkles)
What is the the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement- the behaviours is repeating because of personal satisfaction or reward/ praise
Negative reinforcement- the behaviour is not repeated to avoid punishment or sanction or being told off.
Excessively low body temperature below 35 degree Celsius is called....
Hypothermia
Identify 2 economic factors
income/ expenditure, education, employment status, poverty,
What does Holmes Rahe SRRS stand for? AND
Social readjustment rating scale ; questionnaire
A degenerative disease resulting in wear and tear of the joints in the ageing process
osteoarthritis
Name three genetic disorders
Klinefelter syndrome, colour blindness, Duchene muscular dystrophy, Down syndrome, Huntington disease, brittle bone disease, cystic fibrosis
respiratory disorder, bronchitis, asthma, lunch cancer, cardiovascular problems, allergies, poor concentration altered mood, social isolation
What is the difference between manual vs non- manual jobs
manual - working with hands (physical work)
non- manual- a job that is not does not require physical work - more mental
This theory proposes people that people naturally withdraw from social contact in older age
Social disengagement theory (Cummings and Henry 1961)
Identify 3 health factors affecting cardiovascular health in older age people AND 4 lifestyle factors affecting cardiovascular health in older age people - be specific
Health factors: genetic influence, obesity, HBP, diabetes, High blood cholesterol
Lifestyle factors: Diet (high salt/ saturated fats), smoking, alcohol, lack of exercise, diet high i
Cognitive impairments, Learning difficulties, poor memory, low IQ, Behavioural issues Hyperactivity, impulsivity, emotional dysregulation; Physical abnormalities: Facial features, growth problems, organ defectsm Motor difficulties: Poor coordination, weak muscle tone Social challenges Difficulty with relationships and social cues etc
geographical barriers, resource barriers, availability of transport, opening hours, psychological barriers, social barriers, cultural barriers, physical barriers, financial barriers, sensory barriers
Give two societal effects of an ageing population
Increase need to health and social provision (health care/ social care services, professionals, need for community equipment, financial support and entitlement, Rising dependency ratios, Longer working lives, longer life expectancy rates, Changing housing needs, Shifts in family structures and caregiving
This theory propose that the social and psychological needs of older people remain the same, individuals just adjust to their new social roles
Activity Theory (Robert Havinghurst)
Cataracts are a condition where the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to blurred vision and difficulty seeing clearly
Glaucoma is the increase of fluid pressure in the eye a lead to damage of the optic nerve
What is a congenital defect?
Congential is birth defects, are structural or functional anomalies present at birth that can affect a child’s health, development, or appearance. e.g. Down Syndrome
Identify 3 social factor that can affect health and wellbeing
family dysfunction, parental divorce/separation, sibling rivalry, parenting styles, bullying , cultural and revision
Give three economic effects of ageing
Rising dependency ratios; Lower labour force participation, Increased pension and welfare spending Higher healthcare expenditure (higher taxes; Labour shortages and wage pressures, support with childcare
Give three issues that limit social interaction
ill health, geographical mobility, retirements, ill health of friend and relative, bereavements
Identify 3 contributors to the psychological effects of ageing
loss of job/ status, losing own home, death of partner/friends, reduced access to social networks, loss of independence, reduced mobility and fitness, effect of confidence/ self-esteem, financial concern effect of social changes, effects of culture religion and belief