Concept 1
What is the format of a hypothesis?
“If (Independent Variable) then (Dependent Variable)“
A polypeptide is a polymer for which macromolecule?
Proteins
WHAT ARE THE 6 ELEMENTS NECESSARY FOR LIFE
C H O N P S
HONORS: Define anion.
CP: WHAT IS MATTER?
when the atom gains an electron, it becomes more negatively charged.
CP: ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND OCCUPIES SPACE
What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic?
1.Hydrophilic means water loving; hydrophobic means resistant to water.
2.Hydrophilic molecules get absorbed or dissolved in water, while hydrophobic molecules only dissolve in oil-based substances
3.Hydrophilic molecules are polar and ionic; hydrophobic molecules are non-polar.
What is an independent variable?
what the experimenter will deliberately change or manipulate in the investigation
If you are at a restaurant eating BBQ Ribs with some garlic bread, what macromolecules would you expect to be eating?
Proteins and Carbohydrates
Name the levels of organization, from largest to smallest, starting from an organism.
Organism --> Organ System --> Organ --> Tissue --> Cell --> Macromolecule --> Molecule --> Element --> Atom --> Subatomic Particle.
What are the electrons on the most outer shell called?
CP: WHAT IS A SOLUTE?
Valence electrons.
CP: WHAT GETS DISSOLVED (EX: LEMONADE POWDER)
Which macromolecule cannot be broken down for energy or be used to store energy? Why not?
Nucleic acids because they are not food and contain genetic material/hereditary information.
When designing experimental procedures you must ALWAYS consider two things. What are they?
CONTROL GROUPS
CONSTANTS
HONORS: If Cl+1 has 17 Protons, and has an atomic mass of 36 g/mol, how many neutrons would you have? How many electrons would you have?
CP: WHICH MACROMOLECULE STORES THE MOST ENERGY
19 neutrons & 18 electrons.
CP: LIPIDS
Name at 3 of the five properties of water.
1. Cohesion
2. Adhesion
3. High Specific Heat
4. Low Density in Solid Form
What is a polypeptide?
A polypeptide is when amino acids are linked together by a peptide bond
If I were given a question such as "How fast does a candle burn?", what would be the independent variable (what you change) and what would be the dependent variable (what you observe/measure)?
IV: Time measured in minutes
DV: Height of candle measured in cm at regular intervals (ex. every 5 min).
What are the two most important things that quantitative data must be?
PRECISE
ACCURATE
Describe the process of dehydration. What is happening?
CP: WHAT DOES A POLYPEPTIDE BILAYER DO TO THE CELL MEMBRANE
To build a polymer, we must link monomers through a covalent bond.
Removes a water molecule (gives off water)
Two monosaccharides form a disaccharide with water as the byproduct of dehydration synthesis.
CP: MAKES CELL SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
What causes HIGH Surface Tension and has the tendency of molecules of the SAME "kind" to stick together?
Cohesion
HONORS: What are isotopes?
CP: DEFINE QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATIONS
HONORS: An element with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons.
CP: USES NUMBERS TO MEASURE SOMETHING
HONORS: What is the difference between an ionic, covalent and a hydrogen bond?
CP: WHAT ARE THE 5 NUCLEOTIDES IN NUCLEIC ACIDS CALLED?
HONORS: Ionic bonds: One or more electrons are transferred from metal to nonmetal.
Covalent bonds: Share one or more pairs of electrons between 2 nonmetals.
Hydrogen bond: Bonds between polar molecules. They're Weak bonds.
CP: ADENINE, GUANINE, THYMINE, CYTOSINE, URACIL
You usually store your microwave popcorn in the kitchen cabinet, but you read an article that recommends storing it the refrigerator.
You want to find out if microwave popcorn actually pops better if it is stored in the refrigerator.
You have two bags of popcorn, so you keep one in the cabinet and place the other in the refrigerator.
Which is the experimental group, and which is the control group?
Experimental group: the bag of popcorn you placed in the refrigerator
Control Group: The bag of popcorn that remained stored in the cabinet
HONORS:What is happening in hydrolysis?'
CP: NAME 2 THINGS THAT PROTEINS DO TO HELP RUN YOUR BODY
Opposite of Dehydration Reaction
Breaks big polymers into smaller monomers
Water is added– water forces its way in and breaks bonds
CP: ENZYMES CONTROL RATE OF RXNS; REGULATE HORMONES; STRUCTURALLY MAKE BONES/MUSCLES; TRANSPORT SUBSTANCES; ANTIBODIES; MOVEMENT; RECEPTORS FOR CELL SIGNALING; ENERGY SOURCE
TELL ME ONE THING ABOUT POLAR MOLECULES
POLAR MOLECULES HAVE
-UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF CHARGE
- CAN DISSOLVE IN H2O
-ONE SIDE MORE -/+
What are starch, glycogen and cellulose examples of?
Polysaccharides aka Carbohydrates
large molecules made up of monosaccharides
What macromolecules would be considered short term energy storage and long term energy storage?
carbohydrates = short term energy storage
lipids = long term energy storage