Terms & Definitions
Define:
Sociology
The study of social behavior and human groups
Name the scientist who originally coined the term "sociology."
Auguste Comte
Which major perspective of sociology says that society is a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce stability?
Functionalism
What is the scientific term for a speculation about the relationship between 2 or more variables?
Hypothesis
Which research method involves watching a sample in its natural environment and drawing conclusions?
Observation
Define:
Sociological Imagination
Awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society
This early thinker believed that there are two groups in every society: the exploiters and the exploited. Name this man who is the most significant contributor to Conflict Theory.
Karl Marx
Which major perspective claims that people in society with more power control others with less power, eventually leading to some kind of social conflict?
Conflict Theory
As one variable increases, the other variable also increases. As one decreases, the other also decreases.
What kind of correlation does this describe?
Which research method consists of an artificially created situation that allows a researcher to manipulate variables?
Experiment
Define:
Dysfunction (Functionalism)
A negative consequence for the lack of stability in society
This person was one of the first American sociologists. He studied the lives of Black Americans and helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
W. E. B. Dubois
Which major perspective focuses on individuals and how they interact with each other?
Interactionism
Unlike correlation, _____ is when one variable directly causes another.
Causation
When conducting a survey, quantitative data involves countable data involving frequency or quantity, while _____ data involves people’s lived experiences.
Qualitative
Define:
Ethics
Moral principles that guide the conducting of research
Who was the German sociologist who established the concepts of "Verstehen" and "Value Neutrality?
Max Weber
In Functionalism, what is the term for an unintended function that something provides in a society?
Latent Function
In a survey, you do not typically collect data from every single person in the group you are studying. Instead, you choose a small selection of the larger population that is statistically representative of that population.
What is the term for this?
Sample
Biology is an example of a natural science, which focuses on the physical features of nature & their interactions.
Sociology, however, is a...
Social Science
Define:
Verstehen
A way of understanding how people view and explain their own behavior
Name the woman who translated Comte's works into English and wrote the first book about sociological research methods.
Harriet Martineau
The American Flag, a "thumbs up," and the phrase "no cap" are all examples of what term associated with Interactionist Theory?
Symbol
The more time people spend at work, the less free time they have. Is this a...
Positive Correlation
OR
Negative Correlation
Negative Correlation
What is the term for principle 4 of the ASA’s code of ethics which states researchers must keep information about research subjects private from outside parties?
Confidentiality