The Scientific Method
Name the steps of the scientific method in order
1. Observation
2. Form a hypothesis
3. Test hypothesis
4. Collect, Organize, Analyze Data
5. Draw Conclusions
6. Communicate Results
Name four types of graphs and what they are best used for.
Data Table: Used to organize raw data
Bar Graph: Shows data as a side-by-side comparison
Line Graph: Shows a change over time.
Pie Chart: Shows parts of a whole (percentages)
These are used to study large-scale systems on earth. They also help put ideas about earths processes into a form that can be easy to understand
Models
Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls from the clouds to the Earth's surface
Precipitation
What is the ozone layer?
A layer that forms in the Earth's stratosphere when ultraviolet light breaks apart an oxygen molecule.
How might scientists communicate the results of their experiments?
Results must be communicated in the form of a written paper or presentation.
The word D-TAILS is an acronym used to help us remember everything you need to create a graph. What does it stand for?
D - Data
T - Title
A - Axis Labels
I - Interval Marks
L - Label Units
S - Scale
List three interactions among spheres (think about your sphere projects)
(parts of the water cycle)
Evaporation
Condensation
Precepitation
Transpiration
The continuous movement of water between Earth and its atmosphere.
What is the Water Cycle?
The ozone layer blocks this and decreases the risk of people on Earth getting cancer.
Radiation
What is the different between a CONTROL group and an EXPERIMENTAL group?
Control group has no changes or changed variables.
The experimental group has one variable changed in each group. This can then be compared to the control group.
Why are graphs helpful for interpreting data?
Graphs help us see changes in data
You can also see how the y-axis is responding to the x-axis and allows you to identify patterns or trends.
Name earth's four spheres
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Geosphere
The change of state from a gas to a liquid.
Condensation
Why is the ozone important to people?
It blocks radiation from the sun from getting to the Earth.
What is the difference between a Theory and a Law that might come after an experiment?
A theory is an EXPLANATION WHY something is happening based on observation, experimentation and reasoning.
Laws are summaries that only tell us WHAT happens, not why it happens
This is a variable that is controlled by the experimenter, such as time, dates, depth, and temperature. It is placed on the X Axis
Independent Variable
These are the most prominent elements in the atmosphere.
Nitrogen (78%)
Oxygen (21%)
Water that evaporates from the leaves of plants and moves into the air.
Transpiration
Ozone is ____________, so many tools are used to be able to measure it — on ground, in planes, in weather balloons and on satellites
Invisible
What is the difference between QUALITATIVE data and QUANTITATIVE Data?
Qualitative data is recorded observations about descriptive qualities (sight, smell, etc)
Quantitive data is numerical data (temperature change, height, etc.)
Qualitative=Qualities (description)
Quantitative=Quantity (numbers)
This is the variable that is directly affected by the I.V. It is the result of what happens as time, dates, depth, and temperature are changed. It is placed on the Y Axis.
Dependent variable
The Earth's Hydrosphere is mostly made up of the ____________.
Oceans
The downward movement of water through soil and rock due to gravity.
Percolation
True or False: There is hole in the ozone layer.
True
This is an attempt to learn more about the world or the continuing search for scientific knowledge.
Pure Science
How can you calculate the scale for a graph?
To calculate the scale for a graph, determine the RANGE of your data by subtracting the smallest value from the largest value.
Then divide this range by the number of lines you want to use on the axis. Round the result to a convenient number, such as a multiple of 1, 2, 5, or 10, to create your scale increments.
These are bacteria that live in extreme conditions, such as very hot, cold, or salty areas.
Archaea
For each step of the water cycle, name which spheres are interacting/involved. (Evaporation, Condensation, Percipitation, Transpiration, Reservior, Runoff)
Evaporation: Atmosphere / Hydrosphere
Condensation: Atmosphere / Hydrosphere
Precipitation: Atmosphere / Hydrosphere
Transpiration: Biosphere / Atmosphere
Reservior: Geosphere / Hydrosphere
Runoff: Geosphere / Hydrosphere
Ozone is made up of ___ oxygen atoms.
3. It is written as O3